PPG-LESSON 12-The Judicial Branch of the Philippines.pdf

The uploaded document shows the roles and functions of the Judicial Branch of the Philippines. Also, it highlights the qualifications on how to be a member of the judicial branch and the different court system in the Philippines.

1. Philippine Politics
and Governance

2. Branches of the
Government
(Judiciary)
Prepared by:
Mrs. Maricar Denice A. Tenorio

3. ❑describe the role and function of the
judicial branch of the government
❑determine the importance of the judicial
branch in the Philippine government
G ALS:

5. ❑1987 Constitution, Article VIII, 16 sections
❑interprets law and applies it to the facts of each case
❑provides a mechanism for theresolution of disputes
❑It usually consists of a court of final appeal (called the
"Supreme court” or "Constitutional court"), together with
lower courts.
The Judicial Branch

6. The Judicial Branch
❑Judicial power rests with the Supreme Court and the
lower courts, as established by law (Article VIII, Sec. 1)
❑Its duty is to settle actual controversies involving
rights which are legally demandable and enforceable
(Art. VIII Sec. 1 (2)).
❑The judiciary enjoys fiscal autonomy. Its appropriation
may not be reduced by the Legislature below the
appropriated amount the previous year (Art. VIII, sec. 2).

7. The Judicial Branch
COMPOSITION (Article VIII, Sec. 4 (1))
❑Chief Justice
❑14 Associate Justices
QUALIFICATIONS (Article VIII, Sec. 7)
❑natural-born Filipino citizen
❑at least 40 years of age with proven competence, integrity,
probity, and independence
❑must have been for fifteen years or more, a judge of a lower
court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines.

9. The Judicial Branch
SUPREME COURT OF THE PH
❑the highest court in thein the PH and
has an administrative supervision over
all courts and the personnel
❑judicial and administrative functions
❑Administrative Functions – supervision
and control over the Philippine judiciary
and its employees, as well as over
members of the Philippine bar
❑Judicial Functions – legal assistance to
the underprivileged, and the procedural
rules to be observed in all courts

10. The Judicial Branch
COURT OF APPEALS
❑second-highest judicial court
❑68 Associate Justices and 1 Presiding
Justice all appointed by the president
❑established underBatas Pambansa
Bilang 129 known as "The Judiciary
Reorganization Act of 1980".
❑The Court sits by divisions, each division
being composed of three members.
❑The Court may siten bancfor the purpose
of exercising administrative, ceremonial or
other non-adjudicatory functions.

11. The Judicial Branch
SANDIGANBAYAN
❑“People’s Advocate”
❑a special court which was established
under Presidential Decree No. 1606.
❑tries and decides criminal and civil
cases against government officials and
employees accused of graft and
corruption and similar other cases.
❑The Sandiganbayan shall sit in five (5)
divisions of three justices each.
❑First 3 divisions – Metro Manila, 4
th

division – Cebu City, 5
th
division –
Cagayan de Oro City

12. The Judicial Branch
COURT OF TAX APPEALS
❑special court of limited jurisdiction
❑exclusive jurisdiction over tax-
related disputes
❑8 Associate Justices and 1
Presiding Justice
❑Its role is to review decisions of
tax and customs agencies,
regional trial courts (on local
taxes), and the Central Board of
Assessment Appeals (on real
property taxes).

13. The Judicial Branch
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
❑second-level courts with general
jurisdiction over serious civil and
criminal cases, acting as trial
courts for major offenses and
appeals from lower courts.
❑They also have the power to
issue certain writs,
likecertiorariandhabeas
corpus,and serve as the
appellate court for decisions
from lower-level courts.

14. The Judicial Branch
MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT
❑lowest tier of the judiciary branch
❑handle cases involving violations of
city or municipal ordinances, criminal
offenses with penalties not
exceeding six years imprisonment,
and certain civil cases such as small
claims and ejectment.
❑Their primary function is to provide
local, accessible justice for minor
legal disputes and to enforce local
laws, ensuring community order
and protecting individual rights.

15. The Judicial Branch
METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT
❑A Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC) is
the first level of court in the cities
and municipalities within Metro
Manila, Philippines, handling local
cases such as city ordinance
violations and minor criminal
offenses.
❑These courts operate at a local
level, providing an accessible
platform for citizens to resolve legal
disputes and are presided over by
a single judge.

16. The Judicial Branch
MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT
IN CITIES
❑A Municipal Trial Court in Cities
(MTCC) is a first-level trial court in the
Philippine court system that handles
minor criminal offenses and civil
cases with low jurisdictional
amounts.
❑It specifically serves a single city
outside of the Metropolitan Manila
area. MTCCs are responsible for
resolving routine legal matters within
their jurisdiction, ensuring local legal
issues are addressed promptly.

17. The Judicial Branch
MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL
COURT
❑A Municipal Circuit Trial Court (MCTC) is a
first-level court in the Philippines that
handles cases for two or more combined
municipalities or cities within a single
circuit
❑These courts are a crucial part of the
Philippine judicial system, providing a local
venue for resolving civil disputes, handling
traffic violations, and addressing criminal
offenses with potential penalties of up to
six years imprisonment or fines.
❑Their decisions can be appealed to the
Regional Trial Courts (RTCs), which are the
second-level courts.

18. The Judicial Branch
SHARI’A DISTRICT COURT (RTC)
❑Shari'a District Courts are specialized
Philippine courts in Mindanao that apply the
Code of Muslim Personal Laws to cases
involving Muslim Filipinos regarding marriage,
divorce, and other family-related matters
and contracts.
❑Established under Presidential Decree No.
1083, these courts were initially set up in five
districts but have recently expanded following
the signing of Republic Act No. 12018 in
2024, which created three new districts,
increasing the total to eight.
❑Shari’a Circuit Court (MCTC)