PPP - 6, GLOBAL TRENDS.pptxgggtttg h h HYPERLINK h y h t

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1. GLOBAL TRENDS MAJOR CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ISSUES

2. 1- Global Security Issues A. Global Terrorism Definitions It is the use of violence against civilians in the form of hostage taking, bombing, hijacking and the likes. US law defines terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” Four different terrorist arrangements / organizations Left wing Terrorists Right wing Terrorists Ethno-nationalists / Separatist Terrorists Religious Terrorists

3. Continued Major Causes of Terrorism Socio-economic causes (poverty, feeling of hopelessness, violation of human rights, lack of democracy … etc) Political causes (legitimate grievances, failure of government to address problems … etc) Psychological cause (humiliation, leverage, influence … etc) Five Types of Terrorism Domestic Terrorism --- within the border fomented by extremist groups Nationalist Terrorism --- associated with the struggle for political autonomy and independence

4. Continued Religious Terrorism --- grew out of religious fundamentalism State Terrorism --- it is a cold, calculated, efficient and extremely destructive forms of terrorism (this is due to overwhelming power of the government) Global Terrorism --- it is an outgrowth of the forces of globalization, which enable the different kinds of terrorism to spread world wide

5. Continued B. Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons It is also known as increase in Weapons of Mass Destruction C. Illicit Human Trafficking D. Illicit Drug Trafficking E. Illicit Small Arms Trafficking 2. Global Environmental Issues Environmental degradation are trans-boundary in nature and therefore need an international solution Global Climate Change --- manifested by heavy rain in one part of the globe and dry weather on the other part Global Warming --- increased green house gas emissions which resulted in high temperature

6. Continued 3. Global Socio-economic Issues Global Inequality and Poverty Manifested by widening gap between rich and poor and the proliferation of millionaires and billionaires Inequality discourages the political participation of poor people, which, in turn, diminishes their access to education, health care, and other services that contribute to economic growth and development .

7. Ctd . Migration and Refugee Problems Until recently, migration and refugee were not seen as central political issues. It was only in the 1980s, as the effects of past migrations and refugee crises begun to be felt both domestically and internationally. With deterioration in the economic climate resulting in high levels of unemployment and social instability, attention started to focus on immigration and refugee.

8. Continued 4. Global Cultural Issues Cultural Imperialism Cultural imperialism is the result of cultural globalization- a process whereby information, commodities and images that have been produced in one part of the world enter into a global flow that tends to ‘flatten out‘ cultural differences between nations, regions and individuals. This has sometimes been portrayed as a process of ‘ McDonaldization ‘. McDonaldization is the process whereby global commodities and commercial and marketing practices associated with the fast-food industry have come to dominate more and more economic sectors. Clash of Civilizations and Identity Conflicts Culture and nationalism have generally been closely intertwined. Explains contemporary global conflicts in terms cultural differences

9. Continued There are eight major civilizations in this game. These are: Western Civilization Confucian Civilization Japanese Civilization Hindu Civilization Islamic Civilization Slavic-Orthodox Civilization Latin American Civilization, and African (Ethiopic) Civilization . 5. Technology related Issues Cyber Security (Refer materials on this issue) Cyber Crime (Refer materials on this issue)

10. 5. Technology related Issues Cyber Security Cyber Crime