Ppr

disease of goat

1. PPR AUTHOR: DR. IHTISHAM UL HAQ

2. PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS/PPR

3. INTRODUCTION PPR is a French name which means GOAT PLAGUE. It is also called KATA because KATA was named given to stomatitis and pnemo enteritis in Nigerian dwarf goats As PPR also cause stomatitis and pnemo enteritis which is not clinically distinguishable from KATA that’s why the name KATA is also given to PPR

4. ETIOLOGY Caused by PPR virus belongs to genus Morbilivirus, family paramaxoviridae The virus shows similarities to rinderpest virus The virus is fragile and within few days outside the host it is inactivated It has antigenic similarities with rinderpest virus, canine distemper virus and measles in humans and equine influenza virus. There is cross immunity between vaccines of rinderpest and PPR.

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY WHO: small ruminants: goat, sheep and deer WHERE: Asia, Africa, Middle east When: no proper season Transmission: direct and close indirect contact All secretion and excretions are infectious MORBIDITY: 90% MORTILITY: 55-85% in goats and less than 10% in sheep

6. PATHOGENESIS Entry of virus through ingestion---  initial replication in tonsils and retropharyngeal lymph nodes--- reach GIT through blood-- virus replicates in GIT epithelium--- necrotic lesions appear in GIT---clinical signs and symptoms appear.

7. DIAGNOSIS

8. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FMD: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: FMD is large ruminants disease mostly while PPR is a disease of small ruminants Diarrhea or dysentery and pneumonia occur in PPR No lesion in feet and lameness in PPR

9. Cont… RINDERPEST: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: Shooting diarrhea in rinderpest Rinderpest effects both small and large animals while PPR effects only small animals BLUE TONGUE: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: BT causes lesions on coronary band and lameness Bluish cynotic tongue appears in BT

10. Cont...

11. Cont … ORF: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: There will be no systemic signs like no fever and no diarrhea In orf Lesions will extend from mucocutanous junction of mouth and will spread further HEART WATER DISEASE: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: There will be fluid accumulation in heart There will be nervous signs Ascites will be found in heart water disease

12. Cont… NAIROBI SHEEP DISEASE: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: There will be hemorrhagic stomatitis in nairobi sheep disease It is commonly occurs in sheep COCCIDIOSIS: DIFFERENTIAL POINTS: There will be copious bloody diarrhea No oral lesions Severe straining in coccidiosis

13. NECROPSY FINDINGS Erosions and ulcers in GIT Zebra stripes in colon and rectum Lungs will be inflamed because of pneumonia There will be lungs consolidation and increase in lungs size, the color will be bluish purple

14. TREATMENT Broad spectrum antibiotics: amoxicillin, enrofloxacillin, sulphonamide along with trimethoprim {trade name Tribetrol} Ceftiofer can also be use for lung infection and pneumonia Hyper immune serum NSAIDS: Flunixin meglumin Fluid therapy: Ringer lactate

15. PREVENTION Quarantine measures Isolation of sick animals Vaccination Hygienic environment Restriction of animal movement Slaughtering and proper disposal of sick animals