PPT 2-CONCEPTS OF HLTH & DIS.pptx health illness

Health and illness

1. UNIT 1 CONCEPTS OF HEALTH & ILLNESS/DISEASE Mrs Deepthi MSc Community Health Nursing

2. Contents Definition of health Concept of health Concept of disease Spectrum of health Dimensions of health Determinants of health

3. Definition of health The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1947)

4. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH An understanding of health is the basis of all the health care. Health has evolved over the centuries from the concept of individual concern to a worldwide social goal. The various changing concepts of health as follows:

5. 1. Biomedical concept Traditionally health has been considered as an absence of the diseases and if someone was free from disease, then that person was considered healthy. This concept is known as biomedical concept, and it is based on the “ germ theory of the disease.”

6. The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine and disease is an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine. This concept has minimized the role of the environment, social and cultural determinants of the health.

7. 2. Ecological Concept Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gave rise to other concepts. The ecologists put forward the ecological concept. Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and the disease as a maladjustment of the human organism to environment .

8. 3. Psychosocial Concept Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned . These factors must be taken into consideration in defining and measuring health. Thus, health is both a biological and social phenomenon

9. 4. Holistic Concept The holistic model is a synthesis of all the above concepts. Holistic concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health. It has been described as multidimensional process involving the wellbeing of the person as a whole. They emphasis on the promotion and protection of health.

10. CONCEPTS OF WELL BEING WHO definition of health introduces the concept of "well being". It has both subjective and objective components. The objective components relate to the term standards of living or level of living. The subjective components of well-being are referred to as quality of life.

11. DEFINITION OF DISEASE The oxford English Dictionary defines disease as "a condition of the body or some part or organ of the body in which its functions are disturbed or deranged . The disease is just the opposite of health: i.e. any deviation from normal functioning or state of complete physical or mental well-being.

12. Spectrum of health Health and disease lie along a continuum, and there is no single cutoff point. The lowest point on the health is disease Highest point corresponds to the positive health The spectrum concept of health emphasizes that the health of an individual is not static, is a dynamic phenomenon

13. Health is multidimensional. Health encompasses a broader concept than the three components described in the WHO definition. Pursuit of optimal health includes Physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, occupational, financial, social and environmental dimension These dimensions of health provide a full picture of health, as a change in any dimension affects the others. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH

14. Dimensions of health Physical dimension Mental dimension Social dimension Spiritual dimension Emotional dimension Occupational dimension

15. Physical dimension It conceptualizes health, biologically as a state in which every cell and every organ functioning at optimum capacity and in perfect harmony with rest of the body. At community level, the state of health can be assessed by death rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy and many more.

16. Signs of physical health in the body are- A) Good complexion B) Clean skin C) Bright eyes D) Sweet breath E) Good appetite F) Sound sleep G) Normal bowel and bladder pattern H) Coordinated body movements etc.

17. Mental dimension Mental health refers to the cognitive aspect of health A good mental health is defined as the “ state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, a state of harmony between self and others.” mental health care affects other dimensions of health

18. Attributes of mentally healthy person- A) Free from internal conflicts. B) Well adjusted C) Searches for identity D) Strong sense of self esteem E) Knows himself, his needs, problems and goals F) Good self control G) Faces problems and tries to solve them intelligently

19. Social dimension The social dimension of health refers to our ability to make and maintain meaningful relationships with others Good social health includes not only having relationships but behaving appropriately within them and maintaining socially acceptable standards

20. Spiritual dimension It refers to that part of the individual which reaches out and strives for meaning and purpose for life. Meditations, prayers or spiritual gatherings are organized to maintain spiritual health. It includes love, charity, purpose, principles, ethics, integrity and hope of life.

21. Emotional dimension Emotional health is about the persons mood or general emotional state. It is our ability to recognise and express feelings adequately

22. Occupational dimension When work is fully adapted to human goals, capacities and limitations, work often play a role in promoting both physical and mental health

23. Occupational health recognizes personal satisfaction and enrichment in one's life though work. The choice of profession, job satisfaction, career ambitions and personal performance are all important components of occupational wellness.

24. Other dimensions are Philosophical dimension Cultural dimension Socio-economic dimension Environmental dimension Nutritional dimension Curative dimension Preventive dimension

25. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Health of an individual is a complex subject influenced by a variety of factors which may lead to either a healthy outcome to promote health or an unhealthy outcome to have deleterious effects on health. Since these factors are largely responsible to determine health of a person, they are termed the determinants of health .

26. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Age Gender Genetics Race & ethnicity Literacy Nutrition Environment Socio-cultural status Socio-economic status Health care system Other factors

27. ANY DOUBTS…..

28. QUESTIONS Explain concept of health? Progress of disease process in the individual over a time is called……? Define disease? Explain concepts of disease?

29. References K. Park, Park’s text book of preventive and social medicine,26th edition,2021, Banarsidas Bhanot publishers .page no:38 Kamalam S. Essentials in community health nursing practice. New Delhi: Jaypee publishers, 4th edition-2022, pp: 14-16 K K Gulani community health nursing, 2 nd edition 2013, kumar publishing house, page no : 12-86

30. AH Suryakantha , community medicine with recent advances, Jay pee brothers medical publishers, 5 th edition, page no:12-15. Keshav Swarnkar , community health nursing, 4th edition NRbrothers,2018. Pp: 4-8