PPT_Conference.pptxvbcvbvbvcbcvbcbbcvbcvbbcv

zssfdsfffddf

1. Implementation of MAC Protocols for Wireless Networks

2. Contents Abstract Introduction Literature Review Methodology Analysis Results Conclusion

3. Abstract Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) support various types of medical applications with heterogeneous requirements. Therefore, it is required to use an efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol to ensure reliable data transmission. In this project dynamic superframe structure-based MAC protocol extending the principles of the IEEE 802.15.6 standard is needed.

4. To allocate dedicated slots for each sensor device, a prioritized dedicated slot allocation mechanism using the Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) is proposed. With the help of this method, the priority value of the sensor devices is calculated based on different sensors parameters.

5. The Simulation results shows the proposed MAC protocol perform better in terms of energy efficiency , reliability, Throughput and Packet delivery delay. Results shows that the proposed MAC protocol is better than the IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocols and other MAC protocol.

6. General architecture of WBAN

7. I ntroduction WBAN is designed with special purpose sensor which can autonomously connect with various sensors and appliances, located inside and outside of human body. WBAN consists of several numbers of sensor nodes. These nodes are cheap and low-power nodes with physiological sensors, strategically placed on the human body.  All the sensors can be used for continuous monitoring of movement, vital parameters like heart rate, ECG, Blood pressure etc. and the surrounding environment.

8. coordination node where the entire sensor nodes will directly connected with a coordination node known as Central Control Unit (CCU). CCU takes the responsibility to collect information from the sensor nodes and to deliver to the next section. WBAN communication will act as a gateway to transfer the information to the destination.

9. Superframe Structure of Proposed MAC The proposed MAC protocol is developed for a star topology WBAN, where a hub controls the entire operation of the network. The proposed MAC contains both the contention access phase and contention-free phases.

10. Here, it is considered with one dynamic length EAP, one fixed length RAP, and one dynamic length MAP. Length of RAP is kept fixed as per the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard.

11. In EAP, we assign dedicated slots for all the emergency sensor devices using TDMA according to the descending order of their priority value. Allocation of dedicated slots in EAP using TDMA can provide fast and reliable channel access to the emergency sensor devices. In RAP, sensors with all types of traffic will transmit their data.

12. In the MAP, multiple LWs are inserted dynamically to allocate slots for all types of sensor devices. In both the EAP and MAP, the hub allocates slots according to the priority value of sensor devices, which is calculated using CRITIC based on the value of different parameters received from sensor devices .

13. L iterature Review Mobile healthcare through wireless body area networks (WBANs) is the future of healthcare. In general, a WBAN consists of numerous independent on-body physiology monitoring sensor devices connected to a central coordinator (or hub) via a wireless communication medium.

14. The primary benefit of WBAN is early detection of health complications by continuous or periodic monitoring of physiological functions, such as blood pressure, body temperature, ECG, heart rate, breathing, etc. Data gathered by WBANs during periodic health monitoring assist in making the diagnosis more accurate and quick.

15. It is also used in many applications apart from the medical applications such as sports, gaming, military etc. It is also used in Internet of things(IOT),Big data and Software-defined Networks(SDN’s)

16. Methodology CRITIC – Criteria Importance Through Inter-Criteria Correlation, used for estimation of weights . TDMA – for allocation of dedicated slots, to provide fast and reliable channel access to the emergency sensor devices.

17. Sensors Data SENSORS FUNCTIONS ECG (electrocardiogram) used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity. Blood Pressure designed to measure human blood pressure. Glucometer sensor measures interstitial glucose level (tests glucose every few minutes). Temperature measures the amount of heat energy or even coldness that is generated by an object or system. EMG (Electromyography) used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities. Visual use images to determine the presence, orientation, and accuracy of surrounding objects. Accelerometer measures the acceleration of any body or object in its instantaneous rest frame. Respiration detects chest or abdominal expansion/contraction. Oxygen measures the concentration of oxygen in the cells. Motion Used to detect and measure movement.

18. Steps Involved in Critic Method Consider the Parameters (and form into matrix) Normalize the Decision matrix Calculate the Standard Deviation Construct the Symmetric Matrix Determine the Quality of the Information Determine the weights Calculate the priority values of sensor devices Normalize the priority values

19. The decision matrix is represented as: Where N denotes the no. of sensor devices and M denotes the number of criteria, represents the parameter value of the sensor.  

20. 2. Normalize the decision matrix 3. Calculate the standard deviation( ) for each criteria Where is the mean value of the column of  

21. 4. Construct the Symmetric matrix Where and are criteria vectors, j,k =1,2…M. 5. Determine the quality of information  

22. 6. Determine the criteria weight as: 7. Calculate priority values of sensor devices as Where i =1,…,N.

23. 8.Normalization of priority values where and are the minimum and maximum priority values among the sensors and i =1,2,…N.  

24. The addition of dynamic LWs and the method for allocating a specific slot to each sensor device is done in MAP. The process of allocating dedicated slots in MAP is similar to the slot allocation mechanism in EAP. The only difference is that in MAP, the hub allocates slots to all sensor devices, whereas in EAP, the hub allocates dedicated slots for emergency sensor devices only.

25. Multiple LW’s (listening windows) in MAP is inserted to collect information about various parameters from sensor devices and allocate dedicated slots for them according to the descending order of their priority value. This also describes the process of inserting LWs dynamically in MAP.

26. Results The figure shows the increase in Reliability of Proposed MAC in comparision with the IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocol.

27. Where, Reliability R= ; denotes the no. of packets delivered are successful. denotes the no. of packets generated.  

28. The figure shows the energy Consumption of Proposed MAC with the IEEE 802.15.6 MAC

29. Where, Energy Consumption E= where N, TC, RC, WC, and SC denote the number sensor nodes, transmission current, receive current, wake-up current, and sleep current, respectively. , , and represent the time spent by the sensor in transmission mode, receive mode, wake-up mode, and sleep mode, respectively. δ denotes the total data transmission by all the sensor devices in kilobits.  

30. The below figure shows the Throughput of the proposed MAC protocol is better than the IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocols and other MAC protocol.

31. The below figure shows the average packet delivery delay of the proposed MAC protocol is better than the IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocols and other MAC protocol.

32. Conclusions In this project, a MAC protocol based on dynamic SF structure and priority-based slots allocation for each sensor device is analysed. The allocation of slots in EAP for each sensor device is done on the basis of their priority value. Using a mathematical model called CRITIC, the priority value for each sensor device is determined based on different sensor parameters. Reliability, Energy Consumption, Throughput and Packet Delivery Delay is increased in Proposed MAC when compared with the IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocol and MEB MAC Protocol.

33. Applications Used in Medical Applications 1.Remote health care Monitoring 2.Telemedical applications Non-Medical Applications: 1. Sports 2. Military 3. Lifestyle and Entertainment, and soon

34. THANK YOU