PPT effect of micronutrientapplication on crops.pdf

effect of micro nutrient application on crops

1. EffectofMicronutrient
Applicationon Crop
ProductivityandMajor
NutrientsUse
Efficiency
2

2. Contents
2
Introduction
Factoraffectingnutrientavailability
Roleofmicronutrients
Availableformofmicronutrients
Adverseeffectofmicronutrientdeficiency
Effectof micronutrientsoncropproductivity
Effectofmicronutrientonnutrientsuseefficiency
Conclusion

3. Introduction
•Micronutrientshavebeencalledminorortraceelements
indicatingthattheirconcentrationinplanttissuesare
minororintraceamountsrelativetothemacronutrients
(Mortvedt,2000)
•Micronutrientsareessentialforthenormalgrowthof
plants.Deficienciesofmicronutrientdrasticallyaffects
thegrowth,metabolismandreproductivephaseofplants
3
•The essentialmicronutrients are zinc(Zn),
manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),iron(Fe),boron(B),
molybdenum(Mo)andchlorine(Cl)
•Thesemicronutrientsareasimportantasmajornutrients
forplantdevelopmentandprofitablecropproduction

4. Contd….
5
Nutrientdeficienciesarenotrestricted
onlytoN,P,KbuthavealsoextendedtoZn,
B,Fe,andS(Singh1999;Swarupand
Ganeshamurthy1998).
Thetrendofmicronutrientdeficienciesis
changing
deficiency,
i.e.instead
cluster
ofsinglenutrient
ofmicronutrient
deficienciesareexhibited.DeficienciesofZn
andFearewidespreadfollowedbyMnandB
underIndianconditions

5. 5

6. Micronutrientdeficienciesincropplantsare
widespreaddueto:
Intensivecroppingpracticesandadoptionof
highyieldingcultivars
Enhancedproductionofcropsonmarginal
soils
increaseduseofhighanalysisfertilizers
Decreaseduseofanimalmanures,
composts,andcropresidues.
Cultivationonsoilsthatareinherentlylowin
micronutrientsreserves
6

7. Factor affecting micronutrient
availability
•Totalcontentinsoil
•Soiltexture
•Organicmattercontent
•SoilpH
•Soilaeration
•Nutrientinteraction
8

8. AspHincreaseszinc,iron,manganese,copperandboron decreasesin
availability,whilemolybdenumincreasesinavailability
8

9. 9
GeneralConditionsconducivetomicronutrient
deficiency/toxicity
Leached,SandySoils
OrganicSoils
IntensiveCropping
ExtremesofpH
ErodedSoils
ParentMaterials

10. Zinc
Corn–
forZndeficiency

11. COPPER
Catalysesseveralplant
processes
Majorfunctionin
photosynthesis
Increasessugarcontent
Intensifiescolour
Improvesflavouroffruits
andvegetables.
11

12. Manganese
Function as a part of
certainenzymesystems
Aidsinchlorophyll
synthesis
InvolvedinNmetabolism
andassimilation.
12

13. BORON
Essentialforgermination
ofpollengrainsandgrowth
ofpollentubes.
Essentialforseedandcell
wallformation.
Promotesmaturity
Necessaryforsugartranslocation
13

14. Molybdenum
Required to form the
“nitratereductase”which
reduces nitrate to
ammoniuminplant.
Aidsintheformationof
legumenodules.
Needed to convert
inorganic phosphates to
organicformsintheplant.
14

15. CHLORINE
Activatorofenzyme.
Enhancesmaturityof
smallgrains
IRON
Promotesformationof
chlorophyll
Actsasaoxygencarrier
Reactionsinvolvingcell
divisionand growth
15

16. Thresholddeficiencylevelofnutrientsin
theHimalayanregion
17
Nutrient Critical level(mg/kg)
Iron 4.5
Manganese 1.0
Copper 0.2
Zinc 0.6
Boron 0.1
Molybdenum 0.1

17. Element
Critical
level
Sufficient
level
Toxicity
level
Fe(mg/kg) <50 50-250 Nontoxic
Zn(mg/kg) 15-20 20-100 >400
Mn(mg/kg) 10.0-20.0 20-300 >300
Cu(mg/kg) 3.0-5.0 5.0-20.0 >20
B(mg/kg) <10.0 10-100 >100
Mo(mg/kg) <0.1 0.1-0.5 >0.5
Cl(%) <0.2 0.2-2.0 >2.0
17
Guidelinefor critical,sufficientand
toxiclevelsofplantNutrients

18. •Yielddecrease
•Lowercropquality
•Widespreadinfestationofvarious
diseasesandpests
•Increasedbioandnon-bio-stresses
•Lowerfertilizeruseefficiencies
18

19. 19
Availableformsofmicronutrients
Element Dominantsoilsolutionforms
Iron Fe
2+
,Fe(OH)
2
+
,Fe(OH)
2+
,Fe
3+
Manganese Mn
2+
Zinc Zn
2+
,Zn(OH)
+
Copper Cu
2+
,Cu(OH)
+
Molybdenum MoO
4
2-
,HMoO
4
-
Boron H
3BO
3,H
2BO
3
-
Cobalt Co
2+
Chlorine Cl
-
Nickel Ni
2+
,Ni
3+

20. 20
Cropresponsetomicronutrientson
mineral soils
Crop Boron Copper IronManganese Zinc
Wheat Low Medium MediumMedium Medium
Rice Low Medium MediumMedium High
SoybeansMedium Low Low High Medium
Barley Low Medium Low Medium Medium
PotatoesLow Low Low High Low
Cabbage High Medium Low Medium Medium

21. Effectofmicronutrientapplicationon
cropproductivity

22. Effectof potassiumandzinconwheat
yield(g/pot)
KLevels(mg/kg) Levelsofzinc(mg/kg)
0 2.55.010.0
0 4.5 4.85.04.0
30 4.9 5.15.34.4
60 5.5 5.54.84.5
120 5.2 5.45.54.6
CD(P=0.05) KorZn0.07
23
Singhetal.(1993)
Location:Bichpuri,Agra(U.P.)
Sandyloamsoil,pH=8.1

23. EffectofBoron andManganeseongrain
yieldofwheat(g/pot)
Mnlevels
(mg/kg)
Blevels(mg/kg)
0.0 0.5 1.0 2.0
0.0 5.00 5.806.604.00
2.5 5.90 6.807.404.80
5.0 6.26 7.007.605.12
10.0 6.20 6.807.204.70
CD(P=0.05) 0.18
24
Singhetal.(2000)
Location:Bichpuri,Agra(U.P.)
Sandyloamsoil,pH =8.3

24. EffectofMoandBonyieldofwheat
Treatments Yield(g/pot)
Grain Straw
Boronlevelsmgkg
-1
0.0 3.2 3.9
0.5 3.8 4.5
1.0 3.5 4.4
2.0 3.1 3.6
CD(P=0.05) 0.35 0.36
Molevelsmgkg
-1
0.0 3.2 3.7
0.5 3.3 4.0
1.0 4.0 4.8
2.0 3.1 3.9
CD(P=0.05) 0.35 0.36
25
Singhetal.(1992)
Location:Bichpuri,Agra
Sandyloamsoil,pH=8.3

25. Effectoffoliarapplicationofmicronutrients
onwheatyield
Treatments Plant
height
(cm)
No.of
spikes/m
2
No. of
spikelet/
spike
No. of
grains/
spike
Grainyield
(kg/ha)
Control 99.7 368.0 19.9 57.8 6267.85
Cu500ppm 108.6 425.3 21.1 64.3 7039.28
Mn500 110.3 436.4 21.5 65.2 7167.85
Fe500 108.5 423.1 21.3 64.7 7071.42
Zn500ppm 112.1 445.7 21.7 66.1 7342.8
Mixture 116.1 468.9 22.1 69.8 7517.85
CD5% 0.9 7.8 0.2 0.5 S
26
Seadhetal.(2009)
Location: TagAl-Ezz(Egypt)
Clayloam,pH=7.6-7.8

26. Effect of zincapplicationonyieldandyield
attributesofrice
Zinc
(Kg/ha)
Plant
height
(cm)
No. of
panicle/
sq.m
Daysto
maturity
Yield
(t/ha)
0 95.8 299.7 130.5 5.47
15 92.4 334.8 128.3 5.96
30 94.4 338.7 127.3 5.75
45 93.9 342.8 124.8 5.76
CD5% NS NS NS NS
27Yakanetal.1999
Location: Edirne province(Turkey)
Texture: clayloam,pH=7.7

27. Effectofzincongrain andstover
yieldofmaize
Znlevels
(kg/ha)
Grainyield
(q/ha)
Stoveryield
(q/ha)
0 25.04 63.86
2.5 27.35 69.01
5 29.70 74.83
10 29.00 71.82
CD(P=0.05) 1.25 3.06
28
Dwivedietal.(2002)Location:Kanpur(U.P.)
Sandyloam,pH=7.7-7.8

28. Effectofzincandmanganeseontuberyieldof
potato
Treatments No. of
tuber/plant
Meantuberweight
(g)
Tuberyield
(kg/ha)
Znlevels(ppm)
0 9.47
b
70.52
b
27340
c
2 10.48
a
70.82
b
29390
b
4 10.95
a
72.38
b
32500
a
8 10.99
a
75.59
a
34170
a
CD(P=0.01) ** ** **
Mnlevels(ppm)
0 10.20
b
69.80
b
29360
c
2 10.46
ab
72.97
a
31350
b
4 11.22a 73.48
a
33866
a
8 9.96b 70.70
ab
28380
c
CD(P=0.01) ** ** **
29Mousavietal.(2007)
Location:Lorestan (Iran)
Clayloamsoil,pH7.8

29. Zinc and Ironfertilizationeffectongrowth
andyieldofpotato
TreatmentsPlant
height
(cm)
No. of
shoots/
plant
No. of
leaves/
plant
No. of
tubers/
plant
Weight/
tuber
Total tuber
yield(q/ha)
Zinckgha
-1
10 31.71 3.61 25.23 3.35 86.43 193.3
15 28.42 3.32 23.74 2.80 90.32 166.6
20 29.63 3.49 24.63 3.03 90.52 177.3
25 32.8 3.92 27.37 3.24 95.62 202.6
CDat5% NS 0.33 NS 0.21 5.4 18.3
Felevel:530.11 3.37 26.1 3.11 86.04 187.2
10 27.62 3.18 24.3 2.99 89.97 178.3
15 28.93 3.2 24.8 3.01 96.14 190.0
CDat5% NS NS NS NS NS 10.3
30BhatandJandial(1996)
Location:Ponichak, Jammu
Sandyloamsoil,pH=6.4-6.5

30. Effectofmicronutrientsonyieldandyield
attributesofchilli
Treatments Plant
ht.
(cm)
No. of
branches/
plant
No.of
fruits/
plant
Yieldq/ha
(redripe)
Control 60.52 7.46 157.45 18.88
Zn0.1% 65.54 9.12 174.18 23.38
Fe0.1% 62.28 8.64 164.84 19.90
B0.1% 63.64 8.96 169.14 20.49
Zn0.1%+Fe0.1% 67.58 9.44 177.26 25.08
Zn0.1%+B0.1% 68.24 10.94 181.52 26.04
Fe0.1%+B0.1% 63.92 9.02 172.66 22.32
Zn0.1%+Fe0.1%+B
0.1%
70.36 11.12 184.12 28.82
CDat5% 3.74 2.29 5.31 2.38
Hatwaretal.,2003
Location:Nagpur
31

31. Response of boron and calcium on plant growth, fruit and
seed productionof tomato
Treatment Plant
height(cm)
No. of
branches/
plant
No.of
fruits/
plant
Fruit
yieldq/ha
Seed
yield/ha
Boron level(kgborax/ha)
10 166.6 7.7 18.9 635.7 176.5
20 189.2 9.2 23.1 762.7 246.2
30 177.3 8.1 20.2 657.7 203.4
CDat5% 9.0 0.5 0.9 37.6 13.7
Calevel(Kgcalciumcarbonate/ha)
10 186.5 8.8 23.8 783.4 243.7
20 176.2 8.4 19.9 665.4 199.6
30 170.3 7.8 18.6 607.3 182.9
CDat5% 9.0 0.5 0.9 37.6 13.7
32Sharma(1995)
Location:Kandaghat,Solan
Sandyloamsoil

32. Effect ofZinc,BoronandIron onplant growth
andyieldofbrinjal
Treatments Plantht.at
harvest
(cm)
No. of
fruits/plant
Fruit
yield/plant
(kg)
Fruityield
(t/ha)
Control 80.07 14.43 0.99 15.80
ZnSO
4(0.2%) 83.70 17.18 1.40 21.52
FeSO
4(0.5%) 82.37 15.02 1.22 19.48
Borax
(0.2%)
80.75 14.73 1.02 16.65
CD(P=0.05) 2.41 0.92 0.06 1.43
33Kiranetal.(2010)
Location:Saidapur(Dharwad)

33. Effectof SandMo oncauliflower
yield(t/ha)
Molevels
(g ha
-1)
S levels (kgha
-1)
0 20 40
0 29.2 39.0 44.7
80 35.4 40.7 44.9
160 30.4 43.1 48.8
CD(P=0.05) S=6.9,Mo=NS
34JaggiandDixit(1995)
Location:Sadarpur(kangra)HP
Siltyclayloam, pH6.5

34. Effectofzinconyieldofcauliflower
Zincconcentration
(%)
CurdYield(q/ha)
0.0(control) 132.79
0.3 134.04
0.6 137.53
0.9 152.91
1.2 158.38
1.5 147.43
CDat5% 2.58
35
Singhetal.(1991)
Location:Faizabad (U.P.)
Sandyloamsoil,pH8.4

35. Effectofnickelonyieldofchickpea,lentil
and mustard
Treatment
mgNi/kgsoil
GrainYield(g/pot)
Chickpea LentilMustard
0 7.3 4.2 3.1
2.5 7.3 4.2 3.2
5.0 6.9 3.6 3.3
7.5 6.0 3.4 3.1
10.0 5.2 3.1 3.0
20.0 4.3 2.3 2.5
CD(P=0.05) 0.93 0.45 0.32
36
Guptaetal.(1996)
Location:Hisar (Haryana)
Loamysandsoil.pH=8.0

36. Effectofzincapplicationonyieldattributes
andyieldofmustard
Znlevels(kg
Zn/ha)
Yieldattributes Yield(q/ha)
No. of
siliquae/plant
No.ofseeds/
siliqua
SeedyieldTotaldry
matteryield
0 242.65 11.65 15.95 65.52
1.25 246.30 12.10 16.96 69.77
2.50 246.15 12.40 17.65 69.93
5.00 248.58 12.35 17.85 71.15
7.50 303.70 14.58 17.95 69.69
10.00 246.25 12.10 17.49 68.18
CD(P=0.05) 30.71 0.23 0.87 NS
37
Khanetal.(2003)
Location:BadaunDistt (U.P.)
Loamysand soil,pH7.9

37. Table16:Effectofboronapplicationon
groundnutyield
Blevels
(kg/ha)
Yield(q/ha)
Pod Straw
0 11.4 23.9
1.5 13.2 35.3
3.0 15.3 41.9
4.5 11.9 33.7
38
Kumaretal.(1996)
Location : Ranchi, Bihar
Acidsoil

38. Effectofmolybdenumonoilcontentand
yieldofgroundnut
Treatments Oilcontent Podyield
(g/ha)
Control 47.88 14.09
Mo@2g/kg
seed
49.40 17.46
Mo@4g/kg
seed
50.09 18.62
CD(P=0.05) 0.30 4.37
39Beheraetal.(2011)

39. Effectofmicronutrientson
nutrientuseefficiency
40

40. Effectof K andZnon uptakeof K bywheat
(mg/pot)
KLevels(mg/kg) Levelsofzinc(mg/kg)
0 2.5 5.010.0
0 22.5 23.5 22.0 16.8
30 26.5 27.5 26.5 19.4
60 31.0 31.4 30.7 22.5
120 32.7 33.0 30.8 24.4
CD(P=0.05) KorZn=1.14
41
SinghandKumar(1993)
Location:Bichpuri,Agra(U.P.)
Sandyloamsoil,pH=8.1
30 79.33 62 62.3345.66
60 82 70.16 65.1643.33
120 43 38.41 33.4130.08
Potassiumuseefficiency(%)

41. EffectofZnSO
4applicationonyieldand
Nitrogenuseefficiencybywheat
Treatment Yield(q/ha) TotalN
uptake
(kg/ha)
Nitrogen
use
Efficiency
(%)
Grain Straw
Control 43.3 48.7 68.8 _
12.5kg ZnSO
4ha
-1
(soil) 47.7 55.0 91.2 22.4
25kg ZnSO
4ha
-1
(soil) 49.5 56.7 125.2 56.4
CD(P=0.05) 1.2 1.2 6.9
42Khandkaretal.(1992)
Location:Mandsaur (M.P.)
Claytexturesoil,pH =8.1

42. Influenceofcopperonphosphorusand
potassiumuptakebyrice
Copper(mg/kg)Puptake(g/kg)Kuptake(g/kg)
0 3.03 34.67
2 3.17 35.33
4 3.10 38.33
8 3.27 33.33
16 2.77 37.67
32 2.93 36.67
64 2.93 37.67
96 1.63 26.67
43Frageria(2002)
Location:Brazil
SoilpH=5.3

43. EffectofnitrogenandmanganeseonN uptake
by wheat(mg/g)
LevelsofN(ppm) LevelsofMn(ppm)
0 5 10 20
0 20.6 20.2 24.3 26.5
30 21.6 23.4 25.6 27.0
60 22.5 24.0 24.8 27.7
90 23.5 25.0 27.4 28.9
CD(5%) NorMn0.007
44Singh(1990)
Location :Bichpuri( U.P.)
Sandyloamsoil,pH8.6

44. EffectofZincandIrononKuptake
bywheat
Treatments
(kg/ha)
Grainyield
(kg/ha)
Kuptake
(kg/ha)
Zinc 0 3157 8.38
25 3510 9.89
50 3664 10.60
CD@5% 216 0.90
Iron 0 3377 8.38
50 3511 9.89
CD@5% NS NS
45
Polaraet al.(2008)
Location:Junagadh(Gujarat)
Calcareoussoil,pH=7.8

45. Table23:EffectofsulphurandzinconS
uptakebymaize
Treatments Suptakebygrain Suptakebystraw
Slevels(kg/ha)
0 4.17 1.96
15 5.17 2.61
30 5.92 3.27
45 5.84 3.33
Znlevels(kg/ha)
0 4.48 1.96
2.5 5.17 2.77
5 5.85 3.36
10 5.63 3.06
CD(P=0.05) S
0.120
or Zn
0.115
S
0.017
or Zn
0.02
46Singhetal.(2006)
Location : Jharkhand
Acidicsoil,pH=5.9-6.2

46. Effectofzinc onnutrientN ,Pand Kinmaize
Treatments Uptake(kg/ha)
N K P
Zn(kg/ha)
15 56.04 15.67 14.88
30 61.44 18.67 18.42
CD(P=0.05) 2.67 1.06 1.04
47
AryaandSingh2000
Location:IARI,New Delhi.
Sandyloamsoil,pH=7.5

47. Effectof Zinc onuptakeof potassium
by cotton
Zinc(kg/ha) Kuptake(kg/ha)
Seed
cotton
Stalk Total
0 22.35 17.5939.93
25 23.89 19.2743.16
50 24.49 19.5143.98
CD@5% 1.43 NS 2.42
48
Polaraet al.(2008)
Location: Saurashtraregion(Gujarat)
Calcareoussoil

48. Effectofsulphurandborononsulphuruptake
(kg/ha) by soybean
SLevels(kg/ha) Boronlevels(kg/ha)
0 0.5 1.0 2.0
0 8.80 9.78 11.0311.45
20 11.55 12.73 14.73 15.00
40 13.90 16.00 18.00 18.10
60 15.08 16.75 18.18 16.88
CD(P=0.05) S=0.95,B=0.95
49
Singhetal.(2006)
Location :Darisai(Jharkhand)
Coarse texture soil,Acidicsoil.
pH=5.9-6.2
20 13.75 14.75 18.5 17.75
40 12.75 8.17 17.42 16.62
60 10.46 11.61 11.91 9.05
Sulphuruseefficiency(%)

49. Effect of molybdenum on uptake of N and
Pby Green Gram
Mo(kg/ha) Uptakebyseed(kg/ha)
N P
0 34.3 4.52
0.5 40.1 5.24
1.0 42.0 5.59
CV% 9.62 8.65
50
Pateletal.(2008)
Location:Sardarkrushinagar
Soil:loamysandintexture

50. 51
Conclusion
Micronutrientsincropproductionareimportant,andthey
deserveequalattentionsimilartothatofmacronutrients.
Micronutrientdeficiencydrasticallyaffectthegrowthand
inhibitsdifferentmetabolicandenzymaticactivities.
Applicationofmicronutrientssignificantlyincreasesthe
yieldofcereal,vegetables,oilseedandpulsecrops.
Micronutrientapplicationalsoenhancestheuptakeof
nutrientslikeN,P,KandS.