ppt for manufacturing technology is presented

ppt for manufacturing technology is presented

1. 19MEC06 MANUFACTURING
TECHNOLOGY

2. CENTRE LATHE
Lathe is one of the oldest important machine tools in
the metal working industry.
A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work
piece and a fixed cutting tool.
Its main function is to remove material from a work
pieceto produce the required shape and size.

4. Major parts of a centrelathe

6. •This is heavy rugged casting
made to support the working
parts of lathe and also guide
and align major parts of
lathe.
•On top section are machined
ways.
To resist the cutting force and
vibration

7. •The headstock houses
the main spindle,speed
change mechanism, and
change gears.
•The headstock is
required to be made as
robust as possible due to
the cutting forces
involved,which can distort
a lightly built housing.

8. •Contains number of different-size gears.
•Provides feed rod and lead-screw with various
speeds for turning and thread-cutting operations
TOP VIEW

9. The arrangement which are employed in feed gear
boxes to obtain multispindle speeds and different
rates of feeds are:
I.Sliding Gear Mechanism
II.Sliding Clutch Mechanism
III.Gear Cone And Tumbler Gear Mechanism
IV.Sliding Key Mechanism
V.Combination of any two or more of the above
•Usually two or three levers must be moved to obtain
the desired combination within a given range.

10. •Used to move cutting tool along lathe bed.
•Consists of three main parts-
i.Saddle
ii. Cross-slide
iii. Apron

11. •Mounted on top of saddle.
•Provides manual or automatic cross movement for
cutting tool.

12. •Fastened to saddle.
•Houses gears and
mechanism required to
move carriage or cross-
slide automatically.
•Locking-off lever inside
apron prevents engaging
split-nut lever and
automatic feed lever at
same time.
•Apron hand wheel
turned manually to move
carriage along lathe bed

13. •Upper and lower tailstock castings.
•Adjusted for taper or parallel turning by two screws set in base.
•Tailstock clamp locks tailstock in any position along bed of lathe.
•Tailstock spindle has internal taper to receive dead center.
•Provides support for right-hand end of work.

14. Specification of a lathe
Length of bed
Max distance b/w dead and live centres
Type of bed i.e straight, semi gap, gap type
Height of centers from the bed
Swing over the bed
Swing over the cross slide
Width of the bed
Spindle bore
Spindle speed

15. Specification of a lathe
H.P of main motor and rpm
No. of spindle speeds
Spindle nose diameter
Feeds
Floor space required

17. •This term ‘engine’ is associated with the lathe owing to the fact
that early lathes were driven by steam engine. It is also called
Engine lathe or centre lathe
•The most common form of lathe, motor driven and comes in
large variety of sizes and shapes.

18. •A bench top model usually of low power used to make precision
machine small work pieces.
•It is used for small w/p having a maximum swing of 250 mm at the
face plate. Practically it consists of all the parts of engine lathe or
speed lathe.

19. A tool room lathe having features
similar to an engine lathe is much
more accurately built and has a wide
range of spindle speeds ranging
from a very low to a quite high
speed up to 2500 rpm.
This lathe is mainly used for
precision work on a tools, dies,
gauges, and in machining work
where accuracy is needed.
This lathe machine is costlier
than an engine lathe of the same
size.

20. •A lathe in which the work piece is automatically fed
and removed without use of an operator.
It requires very less attention after the setup has
been made and the machine loaded.

21. A highly automated lathe, where both cutting, loading, tool changing, and
part unloading are automatically controlled by computer coding.
E.g. CNC Lathe M/C.(Computer Numerical Control Machine)

23. Headstock driving
mechanisms
Back gearedheadstock.

24. mechanisms
All gearedheadstock.

25. Feedmechanisms
Tumbler gear reversingmechanism.
Quick-changegearbox.
Tumbler gear quick-changegearbox.
Apronmechanism.

26. Tumbler gear reversing
mechanism.

27. Quick-changegearbox.

28. gearbox.

29. Apronmechanism.

30. Work holding devices
Chucks
Centres
Face plate
Angle plate
Mandrels
Steady and follower rest

31. Magnetic chuck

32. Three jaw and Four jaw chuck

34. Types of centres
Work held betweencentres

36. Angle plate and faceplate
(a) Angleplate (b)Angle plate used along with faceplate

38. Mandrels

39. Steady rest and Followerrest

40. Various Lathe operations

41. Various Lathe operations

42. TAPER TURINGMETHODS
Taper turning by a formtool
Taper turning by swiveling the compoundrest

43. TAPER TURINGMETHODS
Taper turning by offsetting thetailstock

44. TAPER TURINGMETHODS
Taper turning by using taper turningattachment

45. THREAD CUTTING

46. SPECIALATTACHMENTS
Millingattachment

47. SPECIALATTACHMENTS
Cylindrical grindingattachment

48. SPECIAL PURPOSELATHES
CAPSTAN LATHES

49. TURRETLATHES

50. Photographic view of a
hexagonalturret

51. Bar feeding mechanisms

52. Turret indexingmechanism or
Geneva mechanism

53. Work holding devices used in
capstan and turretlathes
Air operatedchuck

54. Colletchucks (a) Push out type (b)
draw back type (c) Dead lengthtype

55. Tool holding devices used in
capstan and turretlathes
Straight cutterholder

56. Tool holding devices
Adjustable angle cutterholder

57. Tool holding devices
Multiple cutterholder and Offset cutterholder

58. Tool holding devices
Sliding toolholder and Knee toolholder

59. Automatic lathes
Thesearemachinetoolsinwhichthecomponentsare
machinedautomatically.
Single spindle automatic lathe
Swiss type automatic lathe or sliding head automatic
lathe
Single spindle automatic screw cutting machine
Multiple spindle automatic lathes

60. Single spindle automatic lathe
Arrangement of toolslide
Simple parts produced on cutting offmachine

61. SWISS TYPE AUTOMATIC SCREW MACHINE

62. SINGLE SPINDLE AUTOMATIC SCREW TYPEMACHINE

63. MULTI SPINDLE
AUTOMATParallel Action Multi SpindleAutomat

64. Progressive Action Multi Spindle
Automat

65. SHAPER
Themainfunctionoftheshaperistoproduceflatsurfacesin
differentplanes.
ss

66. Types of quick return mechanisms are used in
the shaper
1)Crank and slotted mechanism
2)Whitworth quick return mechanism
3)Hydraulic shaper mechanism.

70. DRILLING
Drillingisacuttingprocessthatusesadrillbittocut
aholeofcircularcross-sectioninsolidmaterials.The
drillbitisusuallyarotarycuttingtool,often
multipoint.Thebitispressedagainsttheworkpiece
androtatedatratesfromhundredstothousandsof
revolutionsperminute.

71. Types of drillingmachine
The different types of drilling machine which are most commonly
usedare:
Portable drillingmachine.
Sensitive drilling machine (Bench mounting or table top and Floor
mounting).
Upright drilling machine (Pillar or Round column section and Box
columnsection).
Radial drilling machine (Plain, Semi-universal andUniversal).
Gang drillingmachine.
Multiple spindle drillingmachine.
Deep hole drillingmachine.
Turret type drillingmachine

72. Handdrillingmachine

73. Table top sensitive drilling
machine

74. Floor mounting sensitive
drillingmachine

75. Box column section upright
drillingmachine

76. Radial drillingmachine

77. Deepholedrill

78. Gangdrillingmachine

80. Twist drillnomenclature

81. Different operations performed
in a drillingmachine

82. BORING
Boringisanoperationofenlargingandlocating
previouslydrilledholeswithasinglepoint cutting tool.

83. Table type horizontal boring
machine

84. Planer type horizontal boring
machine

85. Multiple head type horizontal
boring machine

86. Vertical boringmachines
Double column vertical boringmachine Turret boringmachine

87. Jig borers or jig boring
machines

88. MILLINGMACHINE
This is a machine tool that removes material as the work is
fed against a rotating cutter.
The cutter rotates at a high speed and because of the
multiple cutting edges it removes material at a very fast
rate.

89. TYPES OF MILLINGMACHINE
Column and knee type
Plain or horizontal milling machine.
Universal milling machine.
Omniversal milling machine.
Vertical milling machine.
Manufacturing or bed type
Simplex milling machine.
Duplex milling machine.
Triplex milling machine.
Planer type Special type
Drum milling machine.
Rotary table milling machine.
Profile milling machine.

90. Plain or horizontal milling
machine

91. Vertical millingmachine

92. Universalmillingmachine Omniversal millingmachine

93. Work holding devices used in
a millingmachine

95. Tool holding devices used in a
millingmachine

96. MILLINGCUTTERS
1.Slab or plain milling cutters

97. Side milling cutters

98. Slitting saws or partingtools
Slittingsaw Endmillingcutters Face millingcutter

99. T-slot millingcutter Involutegear millingcutter

100. Convex milling cutter Concave milling cutter Corner rounding millingcutter

101. Single angle milling cutter and Double angle millingcutter

102. MILLINGOPERATIONS
Schematic view of the face millingoperation

103. Endmilling

106. Parting byslittingsaw Straddlemilling

107. Form millingoperations

113. Gear Generating Processes
1.Gear Shaping
2.Gear Planning
3.Gear Hobbing

116. Gear Shaping

118. ABRASIVE PROCESSES: GRINDING
The cutting action of abrasive grits of disc type grinding
wheel similar to cutting action of teeth of the cutter
in slab milling.

120. Applications ofgrinding
To remove small amount of metal from work pieces and finish
then to closetolerances.
To obtain a better surfacefinish.
To machine hard surfaces that cannot be machined by high-
speedsteels.
Grinding of tools and cutters and resharpeningof thesame.
Grinding ofthreads.
Stock removal (abrasive milling) finishing of flat as well as
cylindricalsurface.

121. GRINDINGWHEELS
Grinding wheel consists of hard abrasive grains called
grits, which perform the cutting or material removal, held
in the weak bonding matrix.

125. Types ofabrasives
1.Natural abrasives -Emery (50 -60 % crystalline Al2O3 + Iron
Oxide), Sandstone or Solid Quartz, Corundum (75 -
90 % crystalline Al2O3 + Iron Oxide) and Diamond.
2.Artificial abrasives -Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3), Silicon
Carbide (SiC), Artificial diamond, Boron Carbide
and Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN).

126. Bond
It is an adhesive substance which holds the abrasive grains
together to form the grindingwheel.

127. Types of bonds -Bonds are classified into twotypes
1.Organic (Resinoid, Rubber, Shellac & Oxychloride)
2.Non –Organic (Metallic, Vitrified &Silicate)

130. 1.Cylindrical grinding process.
2.Surface grinding process.
3.Centreless grinding process.
TYPES OF GRINDINGPROCESS

131. Rough Grinding Machine
1.Bench Grinder

132. 2.Portable Grinder

133. 3.Abrasive Belt Grinding

134. Precision Grinding Machine

135. 1.Cylindrical Grinder

136. Surface Grinders
1.Horizontal Spindle Reciprocating Table surface
grinding machines

137. 2. Horizontal Spindle Rotary Table surface
grinding machines

139. Vertical Spindle Rotary Table
surface grinding machines

140. Centreless Grinder

141. Internal Grinding
Internal grindingis used togrindtheinternal diameter of the
work piece.
Tapered holes can be ground with the use ofinternalgrinders
that can swivel on the horizontal.
Center lessgrindingis when the work piece is supported by a
blade instead of by centers or chucks.

145. BROACHING
Broachingisamachiningprocessforremovalofalayer
ofmaterialofdesiredwidthanddepthusuallyinonestroke
byaslenderrodorbartypecutterhavingaseriesofcutting
edgeswithgraduallyincreasedprotrusion.

146. Basic principle ofbroaching

147. Schematic views of finishing hole bybroaching

148. Typical examples of shapes produced by internalbroaching

149. Different types of broaches
Internal broaching or externalbroaching.
Pull type or Pushtype.
Ordinary cut or Progressivetype.
Solid, Sectional or Modulartype.
Profile sharpened or form relievedtype.

150. Internal broaching –tools

151. External broaching –makingslot

152. PUSH BROACHING MACHINES
Push down type vertical surface broachingmachine

153. Pull type horizontal internal broachingmachine

154. Horizontal surface broachingmachine

155. Vertical surface broachingmachine

156. CONTINUOUS BROACHING MACHINES

157. NUMERICAL CONTROL
MACHINE
Numericalcontrolofmachinetoolsmaybedefinedasa
methodofautomationinwhichvariousfunctionsofmachine
toolsarecontrolledbyletters,numbers,symbolsand
alphanumericinstructions.

158. Types of NCsystems
Machine controls are divided into threegroups:
Traditional numerical control(NC).
Computer numerical control(CNC).
Distributed numerical control(DNC).

160. Controlledaxes
NCsystemcanbeclassifiedonthenumberofdirections
ofmotiontheyarecapabletocontrol simultaneously on a
machine tool.
Identification of controlled axes for (a) lathe, (b) vertical spindle
milling machineand (c) horizontal spindle millingmachine

161. Components of NC Machines

162. Classification of NC Machines Based on NC System
The Three major types of NC systems are:
Point-to-point (PTP)system.
Contouringsystem.
Straight