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1. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE).EQUIPMENT (PPE).
Topics:
Ground rules for PPE.
Requisites of good quality PPE.
Types of PPE.
Respiratory type:
Need of respirators
Classification of respirators: 1.Air-purifying respirator; 2.Supplied air
respirator & 3.Self contained Breathing apparatus.
Limitations of Respiratory protective equipment.
Warning signs of respirator failure.
Respirator training.
Rules for proper use of Respiratory protective equipment
Maintenance & Storage of Respirators.

2. Non-respiratory Protective Non-respiratory Protective
EquipmentEquipment
Topics:
Face & Eye protection.
Head protection
Foot & leg protection
Hand & arm protection
Hearing protection
Body protection
Safety belts & harness.
General guidelines for choosing PPE.
Factors responsible for the non-use of PPE.

3. IntroductionIntroduction
The objective of the Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) is to protect employees
from the risk of injury by creating a barrier
against workplace hazards.
Personal protective equipment is not a
substitute for good engineering or
administrative controls or good work
practices, but should be used in conjunction
with these controls to ensure the safety and
health of employees.

4. Ground rules for PPE.Ground rules for PPE.
PPP is second line of defence for employee protection. The
first line of defence is to eliminate accident-causing situations
at the work place by effective engineering measure.
PPE cannot eliminate hazard at work. It is a barrier between
hazard and the worker.
PPE can help eliminate an injury or reduce its severity.
PPE should be resorted to only if absolute removal of hazard
in the work environment is impossible or impracticable.
PPE relevant to the hazard should be selected and used.
PPE should confirm to applicable national standards or code
of practices and good engg. Practices.

5. Requisites of good quality PPE.Requisites of good quality PPE.
1.Provide adequate protection to the wear;
2.Reasonably comfortable to wear;
3.Constructed in accordance with the
accepted standards;
4.Fit properly and not interfere with the
movement of the wearer;
5.Easily cleanable and capable of being
disinfected.

6. Types of P.P.E.Types of P.P.E.
Respiratory Protective
Equipment.
1.Air-purifying respirator;
2.Supplied air respirator &
3.Self contained Breathing
Apparatus.
Non-Respiratory
Protective Equipment
1.Face & Eye protection.
2.Emergency eyewash
facilities
3.Head protection
4.Foot & leg protection
5.Hand & arm protection
6.Hearing protection
7.Body protection
8.Safety belts & harness.

7. Respiratory protective equipment:Respiratory protective equipment:
a.    

What is a respirator?
A respirator is a protective device that
covers the nose and mouth or the entire
face or head to guard the wearer
against hazardous atmospheres.

8. Why do employees need respirators?Why do employees need respirators?
The situations requiring the use of Respirators
are:
1. Emergency repair, attending leaks or bursts
involving release of high concentration of
gases, liquids, vapours, fumes and mists.
2.For carrying out inspections or cleaning inside
the closed vessels containing toxic vapours/
gases
3.Certain normal operation- i.e.: Spray painting,
shot blasting that occurs so in frequently.
4.For emergency use and other unplanned
events where possibility of over exposure to
worker exists.

9. Classification of respirators Classification of respirators
commonly used in commonly used in
KRIBHCO.KRIBHCO.
1.Air-purifying respirator
2.Supplied air respirator &
3.Self contained Breathing
apparatus.

10. Air-purifying respiratorAir-purifying respirator
These respirators remove air contaminants
by filtering, absorbing, adsorbing, or
chemical reaction with the contaminants as
they pass through the respirator canister or
cartridge. This respirator is to be used only
where adequate oxygen (19.5 to 23.5
percent by volume) is available

11. Air-purifying respiratorAir-purifying respirator

12. Supplied-Air Respirators.Supplied-Air Respirators.
These respirators provide breathing air
independent of the environment. Such
respirators are to be used when the
contaminant has insufficient odor, taste or
irritating warning properties, or when the
contaminant is of such high concentration or
toxicity that an air-purifying respirator is
inadequate. Supplied- air respirators, also
called air-line respirators.

13. Supplied-Air RespiratorsSupplied-Air Respirators
1. Demand :Supplies air to the user on demand
(inhalation), which creates a negative
pressure within the facepiece. Leakage into
the facepiece may occur if there is a poor
seal between the respirator and the user's
face.
2. 
 
Pressure-Demand: Maintains a continuous
positive pressure within the facepiece, thus
preventing leakage into the facepiece.
3. 
     
Continuous Flow : maintains a continuous
flow of air through the facepiece and prevents
leakage into the facepiece.

14. Supplied-Air RespiratorsSupplied-Air Respirators

15. Self-Contained Breathing Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA) Apparatus (SCBA)
This type of respirator allows the user
complete independence from a fixed source
of air and offers the greatest degree of
protection but is also the most complex.
Training and practice in its use and
maintenance is essential. This type of device
will be used in emergency situations only.

16. Self-Contained Breathing Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA) Apparatus (SCBA)

17. Limitations of Respiratory Protective Limitations of Respiratory Protective
Equipment.Equipment.
I. 
 
Fitting problem;
Ii. Communication difficulties;
Iii. Vision problem;
Iv. Fatigue and reduced efficiency;

18. Warning signs of respirator failure.Warning signs of respirator failure.
Particulate Air-Purifying
When breathing difficulty is encountered
with a filter respirator (due to partial
clogging with increased resistance), the
filter(s) must be replaced. Disposable
filter respirators must be discarded.

19. Warning signs of respirator failure.Warning signs of respirator failure.
Gas or Vapor Air-Purifying
If, when using a gas or vapor respirator
(chemical cartridge or canister), any of
the warning properties (e.g., odor, taste,
eye irritation, or respiratory irritation)
occur, promptly leave the area.

20. Warning signs of respirator failure.Warning signs of respirator failure.
Supplied Air Respirator
When using an airlines respirator, leave
the area immediately when the
compressor failure alarm is activated or
if an air pressure drop is sensed. When
using an SCBA leave the area as soon
as the air pressure alarm is activated.

21. Respirator training.Respirator training.

22. Rules for proper use RespiratorsRules for proper use Respirators
User shall familiar with capabilities,
limitations & care of Respirator.
Only approved & prescribed respirator for
specific purpose shall be used.
Air-purifying type respirator shall not be
used in oxygen deficient atmosphere.
Persons shall familiar with proper method
of fitting,testing & maintaining PPE.

23. Rules for proper use RespiratorsRules for proper use Respirators
Person shall make certain their equipment is fitted &
working properly before entering the hazardous areas.
Respirator shall not be removed while the user is in
hazardous area.
User shall leave the hazard area as soon as a warning
device indicated that the equipment is near
exhaustion.
Person wearing respirator in contaminated
atmosphere should immediately if he feels
sleepy,detects any unusual odour or irritation of nose
or throat.

24. Rules for proper use RespiratorsRules for proper use Respirators
No attempt should be made to use
equipment for a purpose for which it was
not designed or unsuitable.
PPE which serious reduce vision,unduly
reduce mobility or create other difficulty
should be reported to the supervisor/Safety
Engineer.

25. Non-respiratory Protective Non-respiratory Protective
EquipmentEquipment
PPE
used for protection of various parts
of
the body can be divided into following
groups:

26. Eye and Face ProtectionEye and Face Protection
Shall be used when employees are exposed
to hazards from flying particles, molten metal,
acids or caustic liquids, chemical liquids,
gases, or vapors, or potentially injurious light
radiation.
(a). Eye protective device
Safety goggles
Safety spectacles
(b). Eye and face protection devices:
Eye shield;
Face shield;
Wires mesh screen guard

27. Head ProtectionHead Protection
Head protection is required to be worn at
construction sites when hazards from falling or
fixed objects, or electrical shock are present.
Classification:
Protective helmet for scooter and motorcycle
riders.
Industrial safety helmet.
Non-metal helmet for firemen and Civil
defense.

28. Foot & Leg ProtectionFoot & Leg Protection
Hazards:
Falling, rolling objects and material.
Sharp cutting edges, nails
Chemicals, solvents
Oily floor
Heated surfaces, sparks,metal splash.
Fungal infection from prolonged exposure to water.
Skids and slips,
Live circuit or equipment.
Classification:
 Leather safety boots and shoes;
Electrical safety shoes
Chemical safety shoes.

29. Hand and Arm ProtectionHand and Arm Protection
It is classified on the basis of nature of works-
Rubber gloves for electric work.
Rubber and PVC gloves for chemicals work
Leather and cotton gloves for material handling.
Leather gauntlet and mittens for welding.
Asbestos gloves for hot work.

30. Body ProtectionBody Protection
Classification: 
Flame/Heat resistant suit.
Suit for radiation protection
Chemical resistant suit for corrosive
chemicals;
Lead- rubber apron for X rays.

31. Safety Belt and HarnessSafety Belt and Harness
Classification:
Waist safety belt;
General purpose safety harness
Safety harness for confined space and
hazardous area;
Pole safety belt.

32. Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection
Classification:
Earplug; (Permanent and disposable).
Ear muffs
Helmet having special ear protection
provisions.

33. Responsibilities of Responsibilities of
Employees:Employees:
The PPE user is responsible for following the
requirements of the PPE Program. This involves:
Wearing PPE as required.
 Attending required training sessions.
 Caring for, cleaning, and maintaining PPE as
required.
Informing the supervisor of the need to repair or
replace PPE.

34. Factors responsible for the Factors responsible for the
non-use of PPEs by workersnon-use of PPEs by workers
Uncomfortable.
Lack of Education and Training
 Over confidence
 

Poor quality of PPEs

 
Habit.
 
 
Decrease in efficiency/ productivity
 

Resistance to use/ indifferent
 
 
Lack of proper enforcement agency
 Selling out of financial gain
 

35. Factors responsible for the Factors responsible for the
non-use of PPEs by workersnon-use of PPEs by workers
Improper size/ fitting
Lack of proper maintenance
Equipment non-available/ short supply
Inappropriate/ ineffective equipment
Inadequate storage facilities
Lack of supervision.
Non-use of PPEs by the Supervisor/ Management
persons.

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