ppt on Alzheimer’s disease

PPT regardind Alzheimer’s disease

1. Mr ASHOK BISHNOI Lecturer JINR

2. First described by German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer (1906)

3. “is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, & perception”

4. Generally diagnosed in people over 65 years of age -Early-onset (before 65); only 5-10% of patients 4.5+ million Americans suffer from it 1 in 6 women over 55 1 in 10 men over 55

5. Idiopathic Cholinergic hypothesis -Caused by reduced synthesis of acetylcholine -Destruction of these neurons causes disruptions in distant neuronal networks (perception, memory, judgment) Amyloid hypothesis -Abnormal breakdown; buildup of amyloid beta deposits -Damaged amyloid proteins build to toxic levels, causing call damage and death Genetics

6. Obesity High blood pressure Head trauma High cholesterol Depression Lower rates in highly educated Family history

7. Due to etiological factor Amyloidosis ( Amyloid Decreased production of acetylcholine preserved protein deposition in neurone) Memory loss, Forgetfulness, Depression, Loss their familiar Phases, Place, Object & Environment

8. 1.Mild AD:- Memory disturbance Poor judgement Irritability Agitation Suspicious Apathy Cognitive impairment

9. 2.Moderate A D:- Language disturbance Impaired word finding Spontaneous speech Paraphrasis (word used in the wrong context) Motor disturbance Hyper orality ( the desire to take everything in to the mouth to suck, chew, taste) Swallowing difficulty Depression Delusion

10. 3.Severe A D:- Communication disturbance Urinary, faecal incontinence Pneumonia

11. Memory loss that disrupts daily life. Challenges in planning or solving problems. Some people may experience changes in their ability to develop and follow a plan or work with numbers. They may have trouble following a familiar recipe or keeping track of monthly bills. They may have difficulty concentrating and take much longer to do things than they did before. Difficulty completing familiar tasks at home, at work. Confusion with time or place. Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships. Warning signs:-

12. New problems with words in speaking or writing. Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps. Decreased or poor judgment. Withdrawal from work or social activities. Changes in mood and personality .

13. History Physical examination (MSE) Mental State Examination (used to evaluate the cognitive impairments) C.T Scan MRI PET

14. . PET scan of the brain of a person with AD showing a loss of function in the temporal lobe.

15. Aricept Used to delay or slow the symptoms of AD Donepezil • Loses its effect over time • Used for mild, moderate and severe AD • Does not prevent or cure AD Celexa Citalopram Used to reduce depression and anxiety • May take 4 to 6 weeks to work • Sometimes used to help people get to sleep Depakote Used to treat severe aggression Sodium Valproate • Also used to treat depression and anxiety Exelon Used to delay or slow the symptoms of AD Rivastigmine • Loses its effect over time • Used for mild to moderate AD • Can get in pill form or as a skin patch • Does not prevent or cure AD