Ppt on energy resources

Class X Ppt on energy resources

1. Energy Resources Created By- Manowara Chowdhury

2. Energy Resources Resources which used to generate energy or gives power , heat to drive objects. Matter that stores energy is called fuel. Classified into: Conventional Non Conventional.

3. Categories Conventional Usage/Period- C.S hsve been used since the early times. Availability- limited amount, cannot depend for future. Nature- Exhaustible in nature lasts for few years Renewability- Once used they cannot be renewed. Response to env .- causes air,water and land pollution as they leave smoke and residue. Cost- require huge capital investment Ex- Coal,petroleum etc Non-Conventional N.C.S have been come into use recently. Av. In abundance for future use. Inexhaustible in nature going to last forever if judiciously used. Renewed in short period. They are eco friendly as do not cause pollution and leave residue. Comparatively cheaper. Solar,wind,etc

4. Energy Resources Conventional Sources Non-Conventional Sources Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Solar Energy Wind Energy Biogas Tidal Energy Geo Thermal Energy Nuclear or Atomic Energy

5. Energy Resources (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

6. Conventional Energy Resources Coal Petroleum Natural Gas

7. Anthra cite Anthra cite Bitu minous Bitu minous

8. Lignite Lignite Peat

9. Coal Coal is an inflammable organic substance composed of carbons found in sedimentary rocks. Formation- C is formed due to compression of plant material under heat and pressure over million of years. Variety of forms depending on- a. Degree of compression b. Depth c. Time of Burial.

10. With depth and pressure

11. Conditions

12. Uses Power generation(70%) Energy supply to industries. Domestic uses Vehicles

13. Types of Coal Anthracite 80% and above carbon. Highest quality having high coke content. Production/ Occurence is less. Less smoke and high heating value(less impurities) Found at great depth Smelting of Iron Bituminous 60 to 70% Buried deep and subjected ti increased temperature. High calorific value(less moisture) known as metallurgical coal. Spcl value for smelting iron in blast furnance Widely used Lignite 1.50-60% 2.Low grade brown coal which is soft with high moisture content(more smoke) 3. Used for gen.electricity . 4. Principle reserves in Neyveli in T.N Peat Below 40% Decaying plants in swamps produce peat. Lot of moisture produce smoke and less heating capacity. Used for domestic purpose.

14. Rock series-Geological Ages Gondwana Hard,high carbon content and calorific value,less moisture ,depth and costly. Over 200 m yrs in age. Metallurical coal. Found in Damodar Valley( wb-jh ) Jharia,Raniganj,Bokaro . Godavari,Mahanadi,Son and Wardha . Tertiary About 55 m years ago Found in N.E states of Meghalaya,Assam,A.P and Nagaland.

15. Places Jharkhand- Jh,Bokaro Bengal- Raniganj,Damodar valley(WB-JH) Ch- Korba O- Talcher TN- Neyveli M.P- Singrauli .

16. Reasons for setting up industry Bulky material Loses weight after use Reduced to ash Heavy industries and Thermal power stations are located on or near coalfields. How to conserve Coal? Use of alternative b. Use of N.C. R c. Use of better technology d. Discover new reserves e. Judicious use.

17. Petroleum Petroleum or mineral oil is next energy after coal. Crude oil. Coal cant be used for road vehicle and transportation Uses - fuel for heat and lighting Generation of electricity Lubricants for machinery Raw material for manufacturing industries. Used in vehicles “ Nodal Industry’ for synthetic textiles,fertilisers and numerous chemical industries. Cooking Medium Used in cosmetics

18. Formation - Petroleum formed due to compression of animals or human beings over million years under great heat and pressure.(Fat turned into oil). Ex- On-shore (Animals/Human Beings) Off-Shore(Marine creatures)

19. Occurrences with Anticlines and Synclines

20. Occurences Petroleum found in sedimentary rocks. Petroleum occurred in India in association with Anticlines and fault traps in the rock formation of tertiary age. It occurs where oil is trapped in crest of upfold . The oil bearing layer is a porous limestone or sandstone through which rising or sinking by intervening non-porous layer. Thus,oil found in traps b/w porous and non-porous rocks.Gas being lighter usually occured above the oil.

21. Distribution 1. Mumbai High(63%) 2. Gujarat(18%) Assam(16%) On Shore- 1. Ankaleshwar in Gujarat 2. Assam a. Digboi (Oldest) b. Naharkatiya and Moran- Hugrijan . Off-Shore- Mumbai High(Largest off shore) and Bassein (N of Mumbai)

22. Natural Gas An imp clean energy bcz do not left residue and produces less pollution thus called environment friendly.(fuel for the pr.century - low carbon dioxide emission ) Found/ Occurences - found in association with or without petroleum. Uses- Raw Material as well as Source of Energy Petrochemical industries -Vehicles(CNG) Fertilizer Industries -Produces Thermal - Thermal industry(power plants)

23. HVJ- Hazira ( Guj ), Vijaypur (M.P) and Jagdishpur (U.P-Delhi- Gurgaon and Sonipat ) 1700 km long cross country gas pipeline linked with Mumbai high and Bassein with fertiliser,power and industrial complexes in Wn and N.I. Imp for I’s Gas production. Distribution- 1. Krishna- Godavari basin. 2. Mumbai High- West Coast. 3. Gulf of Cambay(Gujarat) 4. Andaman and Nicobar Why considered as fuel of pr.century ?- Easily supplied(pipes) Less pollution,Clean (no residue),Replaced liquid fuel.

24. Electricity Application is so wide that itsper capita consumptionis considered an index of development. Hydro electricity By running water whichdrives hydro turbines to generate hydro electricity. Ex- Bhakra Nangal,DVC etc Thermal electricity By burning other fuels such as C,P,N.G to drive turbine to produce thermal. 310 power plants Durgapur,Neyveli etc

25. Non-Conventional Source of Energy They are renewable in nature and recently been in use thus called NCS Reason to Switch- Rising prices of oil. Increasing cost of extraction. Potential shortage. Environmental problems due to fossil fuels. Great demand and pressure on fossil fuel and being an efficient alternative. Thus switched to NCS like solar wind power etc. India is blessed with NCS.

26. Non-Conventional Sources Energy Resources Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants Located/Plants located Nuclear Energy/Atomic Energy It is obtained by altering the structure of atoms,when such an altn is made,much energy is released in the form of heat. Used to generate Electric power Uranium and Thorium( Jh,Aravli range in rajasthan and Monazite sands of kerala rich in thorium) Places- 1.Narora- Bulandshahr 2.Rawat Bhata - Kota,Rajasthan 3.Tarapur-Maharashtra 4.Kakrapara-Gujarat 5.Kaiga-Karnataka 6.Kalpakkam-T.N

27. Energy Resources Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants Located/Plants located Solar Energy(Tropical Country) Photovoltaic Tech.(Silicon and Germanium) taps solar energy and converts directly into electricity. -Fast being popular in rural and remote areas and inaccessible area. -Used to sterlise milk cans,cooking,heating water. -Able to minimise the dependence of firewood and dung cakes -Leads to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture. Madhapur near Bhuj,Gujarat . Welspun - Neemuch .

28. Energy Resources Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants Located/Plants located Wind Power The wind rotates the shaft of windmill which drives the turbine converts the kinetic energy to electrical energy. Eco-friendly and do not cause pollution. Limitation- Can be set up only in obstacle free or coastal areas. Largest windfarm cluster in TN from nagercoil to Madurai,A.P,Karnataka,Gujarat,Jaisalmer and Lakshadweep.

29. Energy Resources Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants Located/Plants located Biogas Decomposition of organic matter like shrubs,farmwaste,animal and human waste in absence of Oxygen produce biogas. Gives higher thermal efficiency in comparison to kerosene,dung cakes and coal. Twin Benefits to farmer. Energy in form of heat. Improved quantity of manure. 3.Eco-friendly,prevents loss of trees,manure due to burning fuelwood and cow dung cakes. 4. Can be set up at municiple cooperative and individual levels. 5. The plants using cattle dung are called Gobar Gas plants. Used all over India in rural areas.

30. Energy Resources Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants Located/Plants located Tidal Energy Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity.Floodgate dams are built across inlets.During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped which moves the fan inside.After tide falls the water retained by the floodgates flows back to sea via pipe that carries it through a power generating turbines. Ques - India being the largest coastline in I.O not able to use tidal energy efficiently.Justify . Used to produce electricity and ec -friendly due to no pollution. Renewable- can be used again and again. 900 mw plant set by the Nat. Hydropower Corp. Limitations Set up only on coast. Can generate electricity during high tides only. Gulf of khambat Gulf of Kuchchh . Western coast and gangetic delta in sunderban .

31. Energy Resources Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants Located/Plants located Geothermal Energy- ( earth+heat ) Heat and Electricity are produced by the heat from the interior of the earth. it exists because Earth grows progressively hotter with interior depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high,High temp are found at shallow depth. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from rocks and becomes hot and turns to steam. This used to drive turbines and generate electricity. Used to produce electricity. Parvati valley near Manikaran in H.P. Puga Valley in Ladakh .

32. Conservation of Energy Resources Sustainable path- promotion of energy conservation , increase use of renewable sources. Ways- Judicious use of resources Use of Public transport system Switching off electricity when not in use. Using power saving devices Using non-conventional sources.

33. Conservation of Energy Resources Sustainable path- promotion of energy conservation , increase use of renewable sources. Ways- Judicious use of resources Use of Public transport system Switching off electricity when not in use. Using power saving devices Using non-conventional sources.

34. Thank You