ppt on population explosion and control.pptx

POPULATION EXPLOSION AND ITS CONTROL

1. POPULATION EXPLOSION AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POPULATION CONTROL SUBMITTED BY : Ms. ARUSHI NEGI M.Sc NURSING Ist Year SUBMITTED TO : Ms. Suchhanda Bhattacharya Tutor, RCON, JH

2. INTRODUCTION Overpopulation is negatively impacting our environment because it is depleting our natural resources and degrading our environment. Overpopulation is a crisis that potentially stands with climate change as the biggest challenges facing humanity today.

3. DEFINITION

4. CAUSES

5. OTHERS

6. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERPOPULATION

7. SOCIAL IMPACT

8. ECONOMIC IMPACT

9. Following are the main effects of population explosion on country : 1. Problem of Investment Requirement: In order to achieve a given rate of increase in per capita income, larger investment is needed. This adversely affects the growth rate of the economy. 2. Problem of Capital Formation: High birth rate and low expectancy of life means large number of dependents in the total population. The burden of dependents reduces the capacity of the people to save. So the rate of capital formation falls.

10. 3. Effect on Food Problem: (a) People do not get sufficient quantity of food due low availability of food which affects their health and productivity leading to poverty. (b) Shortage of food-grains obliges the under-developed countries to import food grains from abroad. 4. Problem of Unemployment: Large size of population results in large army of labour force. But due to shortage of capital resources it becomes difficult to provide gainful employment to the entire working population.

11. 5. Low Standard of Living: Even the bare necessities of life are not available adequately. 6. Poverty: People have to spend a large portion of their resources for bringing up of their wards. It results into less saving and low rate of capital formation. 7. Burden of Unproductive Consumers: Old persons above the age of 60 and many more in the age group of 15-59 do not find employment. This dependency adversely affects effective saving.

12. Population Control Overall development, women empowerment, Social, economic and educational development, Woman and Child welfare.

13. INTRODUCTION Population control can be achieved by overall development of women.Population control can be done with : Women empowerment Small family norms Family planning methods.

14. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Strengthening the capacity of women in order to identify understand , and control there own lives. Refers to increase in the spiritual, political, social, educational, gender, or economic strength of individuals and communities of women. DEFINITION Women empowerment is the process by which women strengthens their capacity individually and collectively to identify , understand and overcome gender discrimination thus taking control of their lives.

15. NEED OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT The main problems that were faced by women in past days(and still today up to some extent):

16. OTHER NEED FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMNENT BECAUSE WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:

17. HOW TO EMPOWER WOMEN?

18. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN: Raising the status of women in the society through social legislation Now a days if women is compared with the women of earlier ages they are having more privileges. This is due to certain legislations- In 1950 new constitutions of India accorded equal right to the women. They have the right to vote and have right to hold public offices.

19. In 1955 Hindu marriage act and divorce act has removed several disabilities. No Hindu can marry second time unless wife or husband is dead or divorced. In 1978 the child marriage restraint amendment act has raised the marriage of girls from 15 to 18 years and for boys 18 to 21 years ( now 21 for both ) In 1976 the equal remuneration act provide for equal payment for women and men workers.

20. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN

21. ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN

22. In 2000 the govt. of India adopted the national policy for the empowerment of the women. This was to bring about the gender justices National health policy was under consideration in 2005. The aim of this policy are Women equality in power sharing and active participation in decision making .  Comprehensive social and economical development of women .  Partnership with community based programmes 

23. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN:

24. SDG GOALS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT:

25. PROMOTION OF SMALL FAMILY NORMS

26. Population control can be achieve by the promoting small family norms . The small family norms were promoted by the slogan “DO YA TEEN BUS” in the year 1970 because of 3 child family model In 1980 campaign was “SONS OR DAUGHTER TWO WILL DO” or SECOND CHILD AFTER 3 year.

27. FAMILY PLANNING

28. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION

29. A)Coitus Interruptus / Withdrawl Method  In this method the penis is withdrawn from the vagina before ejaculation. In this way semen is prevented from entering the uterine cavity and pregnancy does not take place. MERITS : Involves no cost It does not require any other device. With self control and discipline it can be fairly effective. DEMERITS:- Require a great deal of self control. Thus failure rate is very high. Slightest delay in withdrawal can lead to pregnancy.

30. B)Safe period Based upon the process of ovulation and menstrual cycle which helps in determination of the safe period when coitus can be done and unsafe period when coitus can be avoided to prevent pregnancy. MERITS :-  Does not require any man made device. DEMERITS:-  Require self control by the partners during the highly unsafe period.  Not suitable for the women who does not have regular periods.  Failure rate is high.  C)Abstinence This involves complete avoidance of sexual cohabit.

31. 1)Nirodh (condom) :- It is a thin rubber sheath which is use by men. It is rolled over the erect penis before having sex. This rubber sheath prevents the entry of semen into the vagina. MERITS:-  It is most simple and effective methods  Easy to use and Disposable  No medical supervision is required  Protects from sexually transmitted disease DEMRITS :-  If not used correctly it may slip or get tear of and the semen gets spilled into vagina. In some rare cases the person may have allergic to rubber.  Some people may not enjoy sex because of interference with the sensation.

32. 2.) Diaphragm  The diaphragm is used by women in her vagina to form a barrier in front of the cervix. The diaphragm is dome shaped and is like a shallow cap. MERITS:- A diaphragm along with spermicidal is very effective.  Failure rate is low.  There is no risk or any kind of contraindication. DEMERITS:-  It requires the assistance of doctor and any other health personnel.  It requires privacy and time to place it in the vagina.  It requires periodical check up  It requires facilities for its proper care and storage.

33. 3.Vaginal Sponge  It is small polyurethane foam sponge, diffused with spermicide. The sponge is shaped in a way that it can be filled on to the cervix and has a loop on its outer surface which can be to pull out the sponge after use.  Should be inserted before the coitus.  Provides protection for 24 hours.  It should remain be there for at least 6 hours after coitus.  Sperms are trapped on in the sponge and are destroyed .  It is better than not to use any method.

34. First Generation IUD’S  These devices were made of polyethylene and are non-medicated. e.g Lippes loop .The loop is double ‘S’ shaped Second Generation IUD’S These are also made of polyethylene but copper is added into these. Cu T 380A , Multi load devices: ML:375 , Nova T : TCU- 380  Third Generation IUD’S • These contains hormones which is released slowly in the uterus. The hormone affects the lining of the uterus and cervical mucus. It may affects the sperm. There are two types of hormone IUD’S:- 1.Progestaserl 2. Levonogestrel device

35. 1.Oral Pills There are variety of oral contraceptive pills. i.Combined pills :- The pills is composed of two hormones i.e. synthetic oestrogen and progesteogen Its action is to inhibit ovulation of ovum by blocking the secretion of gonadotropin from pituitary gland. Progestron also thickens the mucosa of the cervix which prevents the entry of sperm into the genital canal. MALA -D: D-Norgestrol – 1.0mg Ethynil estradiol – 0.03mg MALA-N: Norethisterion – 0.50mg Ethynil Estadiol- 0.04mg

36. 2.Depot Formulations These are long acting hormonal contraceptive contains only synthethic progestogen. 1.Injectable Contraceptives it is again of two types:- a.Progestrosterone Only Injectable:- There are two preparataions which are available: I.DMPA (Depot medroxy progestrone acetete) II.NET-EN ( Norethiseterone enanthate ) Both of these contain synthetic progestogen. Progestogen prevents ovulation.

37. MERITS:- It is easy to administer, highly effective and irreversible , do not interfere with lactation and does not cause any effect on infant. CONTRAINDICATION :- Abnormal uterine bleeding any malignancy of the genital tract, suspected malignant growth and caner breast. b.Combined Injectable Contraceptives:- These contains progestogen and oestrogen contraceptive action is similar to that of progestogen only injectable. e.g- depoprovera, noristerat The injection is given once in a month three days early or three days late. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, women, having any other problem like diabetes with complications, vascular disorder, suspected malignancy.

38. 2.Subdermal Implants There are two varieties. e.g - Norplant These devices are placed under the skin of the arm. The tubes or the rods allow steady diffusion of steroids into the blood stream for a period of five years to give effective contraceptive effects. 3.Vaginal Rings This methods is not much in use. It consist of ring which contains small amount of progestogen. The ring is fitted into the vagina for three weeks of menstruation cycle, after which it is removed for a week and then reworn after menstruation cycle.

39. TERMINAL METHODS Sterilization is only method which gives permanent protection from conception from conception.

40. SDG GOALS FOR POPULATION CONTROL

41. Through this topic we came to know about Population explosion and its control . We came to know about population, its explosion, causes and consequences of over population. We also came to know about population control by women empowerment, small family norms and family planning methods.

42. Declines in mortality, improved medical facilities, declining poverty rates, the progress of reproductive treatment, lack of immigration and family planning may lead to overgrowth. As a result, overpopulation is negatively impacting our environment because it is depleting our natural resources and degrading our environment. Overpopulation is a crisis that potentially stands with climate change as the biggest challenges facing humanity today.

43. BIBLIOGRAPHY Park K., Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine , 26th edition, 2021, Banarsidas Bhanot publishers, page no 528-531. Gulani K.K, Community health nursing,principles and practices, second edition,2013.kumar publishing house, page no- 295-321. Singh S.,Population explosion and family planning, sep 19,2018, available at : https://www.slideshare.net/saurabhsingh1153/population-explosion-and-family-planning-115359325