PPT_UNITED NATIONS AND ITS ORGANISATIONS' with you.pptx

Political science

1. UNITED NATIONS AND ITS ORGANISATIONS “THE UNITED NATIONS WAS NOT CREATED TO TAKE HUMANITY TO HEAVEN, BUT TO SAVE IT FROM HELL” DAG HAMMARSKJOLD, THE UN’s SECOND SECRETARY GENERAL

2. NEED OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS- [WHAT IS YOUR INFERENCE FROM THESE IMAGES?]

3. NEED OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS “JAW- JAW IS BETTER THAN WAR-WAR” - WINSTON CHURCHILL COUNTRIES HAVE CONFLICTS AND DIFFERENCES WITH EACH OTHER DISCUSSIONS ON CONTENTIOUS ISSUES FIND PEACEFUL SOLUTIONS ORGANISATIONS ARE CREATED BY AND RESPONDS TO STATES CERTAIN ISSUES CAN BE RESOLVED ONLY BY

4. HOW TO COOPERATE AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION PRODUCES INFORMATION AND IDEAS TO COOPERATE AND PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING: HONOUR THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE AGREEMENT

5. WORLD WAR –I [1914-1918] World War  I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). Fighting in World War I famously ended on November 11, 1918. 

6. LEAGUE OF NATIONS- 1919 ORIGINS POLITICAL IDEALISM OF PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON ORGANISATION FOR RESOLVING CONFLICTS BEFORE BLOODSHED AND WARFARE

7. LEAGUE OF NATIONS- FEW REASONS FOR FAILURES In the aftermath of the First World War, the League of Nations was established at the Paris Peace Conference of June 28, 1919, and the Covenant of the League of Nations made up Part I of the Treaty of Versailles. The League began organizational work in the fall of 1919, spending its first 10 months with a headquarters in London before moving to Geneva. USA- ISOLATIONISTS FEARED THAT LON WOULD DRAG USA INTO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS UNNECESSARILY. RUSSIA- ATTACKED PERSIA IN 1920 AND LON DID NOT HELP PERSIA. ANY MEMBER COULD VETO THE DECISIONS

8. WORLD WAR II [1939-45] In World War II the chief ALLIED POWERS were Great Britain, France (except during the German occupation, 1940–44), the Soviet Union (after its entry in June 1941), the United States (after its entry on December 8, 1941). The alliance of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan was known as the Axis.

9. MAKING OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATIONS https://youtu.be/FnQESSTouNU 1945- APRIL MAY- SAN FRANSCISCO CONFERENCE

10. THE UNITED NATIONS’ LOGO THE CHARTER WAS SIGNED BY 51 NATIONS IN OCTOBER 1945 The design is "a map of the world representing an azimuthal equidistant projection centered on the North Pole, inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree, in gold on a field of smoke-blue with all water areas in white. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes five concentric circles" The original UN logo was created by a team of designers during the United Nations Conference on International Organization in 1945.  The design team was led by Oliver Lincoln Lundquist.

11. PRINCIPAL ORGANS

12. OBJECTIVES OF THE UNO

13. THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY The function of the General Assembly is to discuss, debate, and make recommendations on subjects pertaining to international peace and security, including development, disarmament, human rights, international law, and the peaceful arbitration of disputes between nations. Elects the nonpermanent members of the Security Council and other UN bodies, such as the Human Rights Council (HRC), and appoints the secretary-general based on the Security Council’s recommendation There are 193 UN member states, each with a vote in the General Assembly.

14. THE SECURITY COUNCIL

15. THE SECRETARIAT HEADQUARTERS – NEW YORK FUNCTION- The Secretariat carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, the Security Council and the other organs. At its head is the Secretary-General, who provides overall administrative guidance. ANTONNIO GUTERRES

16. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL The Economic and Social Council is at the heart of the United Nations system to advance the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental. It is the central platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking, forging consensus on ways forward, and coordinating efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals. It is also responsible for the follow-up to major UN conferences and summits. Voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote.  The Council is made up of  54 members . 

17. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations (UN). Seated in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly. It was established in 1945 by the UN Charter. The ICJ is composed of fifteen judges elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council from a list of people nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration. 

18. KEY AGENCIES OF THE UNO 1. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION UNESCO’s mission is to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. The Organization focuses, in particular, on two global priorities: Africa Gender equality

19. 2. UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND "The aim of  UNICEF  is to spread a table, decked with all the good things that nature provides, for all the children of the world. For this reason the organization is a peace factor of great importance.  UNICEF  has realized that children provide the key to the future”.

20. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the things they discussed was setting up a global health organization. WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 – a date we now celebrate every year as World Health Day The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency's governing structure and principles, states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health."

21. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN.

22. SECURITY COUNCIL - REFORMS

23. SECURITY COUNCIL -WHY REFORMS? CHANGES IN WORLD POLITICS

24. PROPOSED CRITERIA – PERMANENT AND NON PERMANENT MEMBERS

25. REFORMS – JURISDICTION OF THE UN

26. INDIA – AND THE UN REFORMS

27. RELEVANCE OF UN IN A UNIPOLAR WORLD https://youtu.be/-ihgyS7ESxo- Sasi Tharoor on the relevance of the UNO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaP3cEgASqE- Antonio Guterres on the need for multilateralism