Practical pharmacognosy: Flower 1. clove 2023.pdf

practical pharmacognosy: clove

1. Dr. Mahmoud Sallam
Assistant lecturer of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University -
Cairo.
Pre-lab. 2
FLOWERS
Myrtaceae (Clove)

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4. Cloveلفنرقلا

5. Clove
(F. Myrtaceae)
The dried flower buds ofEugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
Origin
لفنرقلا

6. Clove
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
Morphology

7. Clove
Morphology

(Elongated Lower part): It is
cylindrical, 4-sided, showing a
central zone called columella
surrounded by dark lacunous
layer

(spherical head): 4 rounded,
unexpanded, dome-shaped,
enclosing stamens.

4 thick divergent, triangular
sepals.

Stamens curved inwards; the
filaments are united in 4 gps.
(i.e. Tetradelphous).

Consists of a stiff slender style
and two-celled bilocular inferior
ovary with numerous ovules
attached to axial placenta.
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
•Externally: wrinkled, indented by fingernail exudes V. O.

8. Clove
Morphology

(Elongated Lower part): It is
cylindrical, 4-sided, showing a
central zone called columella
surrounded by dark lacunous
layer

(spherical head): 4 rounded,
unexpanded, dome-shaped,
enclosing stamens.

4 thick divergent, triangular
sepals.

Stamens curved inwards; the
filaments are united in 4 gps.
(i.e. Tetradelphous).

Consists of a stiff slender style
and two-celled bilocular inferior
ovary with numerous ovules
attached to axial placenta.
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
•Externally: wrinkled, indented by fingernail exudes V. O.

9. Clove
T.S.
T.S below Ovary Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
1. Epidermis
2. Parenchyma
(Oil glands)
3. Col. Layer
(V.B).
(Cluster Ca. Ox).
T.S in Ovary

10. Clove
T.S.
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
????????

11. Clove
Powder
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
•Color: Bright reddish-brown.
•Odor: strong characteristic aromatic.
•Taste: pungent spicy taste followed by slight numbness.
•It characterized by:
1.Fragment of parenchyma and collenchyma with
cluster crystals of ca-ox.
2.Numerous triangular pollen grains.
3.Few anomocytic stomata.
Eugenia caryophyllus

12. Clove
Constituents
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
1.15-20% Volatile oil, containing:
- Eugenol (90-90%),
- Acetyl Eugenol (3%),
- a, b, g-Caryophyllenes (8.5%), Clovene, Isoclovene.
2.Tannins (Gallotannic acid, 13%).
Uses
Aromatic stimulant, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Spice,
Toothache, Antiseptic, Preparation of Vanillin.

13. Clove
Chemical tests
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
1.Histochemical test:
Red color with Sudan III (Volatile oil).
2.Chemical test:
Blue color with FeCl
3 (Gallotannic acid).

14. Clove
Collection
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
Adulteration
The flower buds are collected when their lower part
turns from green to crimson.
A.Clove Stalk.
B.Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C.Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D.Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).

15. Clove
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
Adulteration
A.Clove Stalk.
B.Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C.Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D.Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
✓Isodiametric thick-walled sclereids
✓Prisms of ca-ox
✓Starch granules

16. Clove
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
A.Clove Stalk.
B.Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C.Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D.Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
Adulteration

17. Clove
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
A.Clove Stalk.
B.Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C.Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D.Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
Adulteration
✓Much less volatile oil.
✓Abundant starch granules

18. Clove
Eugenia aromatica
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllus
B.Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C.Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D.Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
Adulteration
Bright reddish-brown
(sink)
Darker in color
(Floats)

19. Teach me “What” and I’ll “forget”..
Teach me “How” and I’ll “Remember”..
Teach me “Why” and I’ll “Learn”..