Pratyaksha pramana ppt

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1. Pratyaksha Pramana CREATED ON 30-04-2020 BY DR. ABDUL SUKKUR M 1

2. 2 Pratyaksha - is one of the principal means of knowledge , - it means that which is present before the eyes clear , distinct and evident . Pratyaksha Pramana

3. 3 Meaning – Pratyakshaa & Pratyaksha – Both are different Meaning ( प्रत्यक्षा & प्रत्यक्ष ) Pratyaksha ( Sanskrit : प्रत्यक्ष IAST : pratyakṣa ) literally means that which is perceptible to the eye or visible, - In general usage it refers to being present, present before the eye - That is within the range of sight, cognizable by any sense organ, distinct, evident, clear, direct, immediate, explicit, express, corporeal, etc. Pratyaksha Pramana

4. 4 Pratyaksha is a Pramana , mode of proof. The Nyaaya School recognizes Pratyaksha (perception) as a kind of Pramana along with Anumaana (inference), Upamaana (comparison) and Shabda (verbal testimony); this school recognizes these four kinds only. The Saankhya School does not recognize Upamaana as a Pramana . To these four auxiliaries which help illuminate things the Vedaantins and the Mimaamsakas also add Anupalabdhi (non-apprehension) and Arthaapatti (presumption) as valid P ramanas . Pratyaksha Pramana

5. 5 Means of knowledge – The three principal means of knowledge are – Pratyaksha which is the process of collecting and knowing the data ; Anumaana , inference from data, which depends for its value on the possession of the right data, on the right observation of the data including the drawing of the right analogies, the unerring perception of true identity and rejection of false identity, the just estimate of difference and contrast, and on the power of right reasoning from the right data ; and Aaptavaakya which is evidence, the testimony of men in possession of the sought after knowledge . Pratyaksha Pramana

6. 6 Implication – Pratyaksha refers to the faculties of perception with which are connected thoughts ( Chinta ), imagination ( Kalpana ) and volition ( Prayatna ), which four together as Chetas illuminate the Manas , the ordinary mental equipment of the individual, and give awareness or consciousness ( Chetana ). There are four types of valid perceptions – Indriya Pratyaksha or sense perception, Manas Pratyaksha or mental perception, Svavedana Pratyaksha or self-consciousness, and Yoga Pratyaksha or super normal intuition. Pratyaksha Pramana

7. 7 In sense perception, which is an indeterminate perception the C hittashakti (intelligence-energy) acts as the substratum of the senses. Mental perception arises when C hittashakti , with the aid of Buddhi , reflects upon objects of senses, and is a determinate perception. Self-consciousness arises when, directed by the T attvas or P anchakoshas , R aaga (attachment), V idyaa (knowledge), N iyati (order of things), Kaala (time) and Kalpa (the elements) along with pleasure and pain become objects of knowledge to C hit, the intelligence of the self. Super normal intuition is gained after removal of impurities cover the intelligent-self through practice of the eight-fold yogic-discipline. Pratyaksha Pramana

8. 8 Pratyaksha knowledge can be gained through - Worldly Pratyaksha , externally through the five senses and internally through mind, and Transcendental Pratyaksha which is divided into – 1) Saamaanya l akshana , 2) Jnaana lakshana and 3) Yogaja . Pratyaksha (apparent or obvious) is again divided into – 1) Savikalpa - obvious, 2) Nirvikalpa - apparent Pratyaksha knowledge is intuitive in nature and in Yoga and Vedanta is also known as Aparoksha anubhooti . Pratyaksha Pramana

9. 9 t hank u