Prawn fisheries

Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs some of which can be eaten.

1. PRAWN FISHERY Presenters: Hamza shams Hamad ali shah 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 1

2. Part A Introduction Species Types methods Part B -farming of prawns -preservation methods 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 2

3. Few definitions regarding the topic Crustaceans; large group of aquatic arthropods. Brackish water; more salt than fresh but not as much as in sea water. Freshwater; naturally occurring water except marine & brackish water. Backwater; part of river not reached by the current, where the river is stagnant. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 3

4. Introduction Few of the aquatic crustaceans are also included among the fishery of economic importance. Prawn is a crustacean; considered as fish. Commercially known as shrimp while commonly known as Chingri,Ghinga,Kolambi,Sungata,Chemen,Shetli etc. Varieties inhabiting sea, freshwater lakes, rivers. India's production is second to that of U.S.A. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 4

5. Scientific classification (general) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Suborder: Dendrobranchiata Family: Penaeidae 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 5

6. Types of Habitat Shrimp live in rivers, oceans and lakes .  bottom-dwellers, which means they are found on muddy or sandy river beds and ocean floors. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 6

7. Food omnivorous and need a plentiful supply of food .  eat algae and other plant particles, plus tiny animals, fish and plankton.   predators. For example, the pistol shrimp. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 7

8. Important species & groups: Penaeus indicus (Indian prawn) P. monodon (giant tiger prawn) P. merguiensis (banana prawn) P. semisulcatus (green tiger) Metapenaeus maxillepedo . Parapenaeopsis stylifera (exclusive marine) Macrobrachium sabriculs (fresh water form) 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 8

9. P. mergniensis (banana prawn) Penaeus indicus (Indian prawn) Metapenaeus maxillepedo . 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 9

10. P.monodon, P. semisulcatus 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 10

11. Description of most important spp: P. indicus most common in India & it grows up to 20cm in length. M. monoceros & M. affinis are most suitable spp to be cultured in India, Pakistan, Indonesia & other adjacent countries. P. monodon is largest prawn i.e. grows up to 30cm in length & weighs up to 150gms. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 11

12. Continue.. M. carcinus and M. molcolmsomi are the inhabitants of both fresh and brackish water. M. rosenberghi & its small spp are suited for culturing prawn in fresh water. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 12

13. Types of prawn fishery Basis of quality, topography & nature of water; Shallow water prawn fishery. Saline lake prawn fishery. Estuary prawn fishery. Marine water prawn fishery. Freshwater prawn fishery. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 13

14. Shallow water prawn fishery Where fishing is restricted to shallow water near the coast. Monsoon months of June to august the fish shoals come near coast and fishermen are enabled to catch prawns with cast nets. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 14

15. Saline lake prawn fishery Chilka lakes & Brahmputra river on the east coast are important. Chilka lake is much rich in prawn production. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 15

16. Estuary prawn fishery Estuaries generally produced immature prawns. Due to certain food & other environmental limitations. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 16

17. Marine water prawn fishery. Marine prawns mostly from indian coast belong to family Penaeidae. Three genera like Penaeus , Metapenaeus , & Prapenaeus are commonly found. Marine & brackish water spp spawn in sea. Hatching are drifted along with current to the coastal waters. undergo development till juvenile stage. For breeding they again come to sea. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 17

18. Freshwater prawn fishery. Done throughout the country from river, lakes, pond and other fresh water resources. In case of low salinity some of the species are also caught from Brackish water. Temporarily chiefly for breeding. Spawn in fresh water. Drifted to estuaries for development. attaining juvenile stage there. swim back to fresh water. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 18

19. Methods of fishing prawns: It’s a seasonal as normal fishing. Ideal season varies with locality. E.g it will be from August - October for Bombay coast. Fresh water it is from March - June. Nets used are the following: Boat siene. (common type) Conical net. Cast net. Drag net. etc 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 19

20. Have a look on nets used.. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 20

21. Summary .. Crustaceans, arthropods, important due to its economic benefits.. P. monodon & indicus. Parapenaeopsis stylifera. India, USA, Pakistan, Thailand, Bangladesh and few adjacent countries. Shallow, saline, freshwater, marine, estuary fisheries.. Boat siene (common type)Conical, Cast, Drag net. etc 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 21

22. Thank you!! Any question? 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 22

23. Part B Prawn farming & preservation By: Hamad ali shah R.No 33 7 th semester 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 23

24. Prawn farming and preservation The process of prawn culture is to convert ponds , tanks, estuaries, and marine coastal water into productive places. There are two process of prawn farming; 1- traditional method: 2-intensive method: 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 24

25. 1-TRADITIONAL PROCESS : ponds situated near estuaries and brackish water are selected. A suitable environment for prawn development like depth ,salinity ,nature of soil are created in account. Ponds are attached to outer water by sluice gates A mesh screen is placed near the gate to prevent the escape of the post larval stage 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 25

26. Intensive method This method is use in Japan based on modern techniques of rearing and spawning. introduced in Japan by Dr Fujinaga(1934). Mature male and female are released in small concrete tanks containing artificial environment. Temperature and oxygen conc. Maintained artificially by aeration. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 26

27. Adults are removed after spawning. Early larval stages are fed by phytoplanktons (diatoms). At considerable size larvae are transfer to production ponds i.e connected with main water bodies through pipes where water is circulated by hydraulic pumps. This method is more productive than traditional methods. Its productivity range is 2000-6000 kg/ha. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 27

28. Preservation & processing It is dependent on distance to which prawns have to be transported. Short distance Long distance 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 28

29. Short distance If the distance is short prawns are packed b/w layers of ice either entirely or after removing cephalothorax. Less beneficial method. Risk for financial loss due to decomposition. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 29

30. Long distance For long time preservation two methods are used: 1- semi-drying method: It is more beneficial and popular method the taste and flavor are retained in this method. In this method prawns are boiled in 6% brine for 2 mins. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 30

31. After removal of shell prawns are dipped in saturated salt solution for 30 mins. Process is then followed by drying in the sun till the flesh gets too hard. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 31

32. Total drying method In this process either entire prawn or only shell removed are dried in sun for several days. In some places prawns are boiled before drying. Finally they are packed in polythene bags for marketing. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 32

33. Other methods 1-Freezing: Processed & transported in air conditioned vehicles. Placed in deep freezers. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 33

34. Smoking It is antiseptic in action because of containing phenolic constituents. Process depends of time intensity and type of smoke to which prawns are subjected. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 34

35. canning Cut in slices subjected to salting, drying & treated with spicy pastes. Packed in wooden boxes containing salts. Boxes are covered with tin plates. Preservative may also added for preservation. 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 35

36. Thanks! Any question? 18/16/2018 PRAWN FISHERY 36