Pre Colonial Life and Culture in the Philippines

Pre Colonial Life and Culture in the Philippines

1. PRE - COLONIAL LIFE and CULTURE

2. “The Filipinos possessed an elaborate civilization in the past. This achievement didn’t become part of the Filipino consciousness, even today, because of the advent of colonization during which a systematic distortion of our perceptive about ourselves was carried out. ” The Vision of Our Future Must Be Rooted On Our Image of the Past By: Prof. Landa F. Jocano

3. CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFYING SOCIETIES INTO CLASSIFIED OR NON-CLASSIFIED: Effective Technology BIG POPULATION CENTERS POSSESSION OF PREDICTIVE SCIENCES HIGHLY DEVELOPED ART EXISTENCE OF FOREIGN TRADE

4. CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFYING SOCIETIES INTO CLASSIFIED OR NON-CLASSIFIED: RELIGION PUBLIC MONUMENTS SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT LAWS WARFARE PRESENCE OF WRITING

5. HOUSES PRE-COLONIAL

6. BAHAY KUBO (NIPA HUT)

7. TREE TOP HOUSES

8. BOAT HOUSES

9. MODE DRESSING of

10. GOLD ACCESSORIES BARO / CAMISA SAYA / PATADYONG

11. GOLD ACCESSORIES PUTONG KANGGAN BAHAG

12. ORNAMENTS

13. GOLD ARMLETS

14. GOLD RINGS

15. GOLD NECKLACES

16. GOLD FOR FILLING TEETH

17. SOCIAL CLASSES

18. NOBLES The chiefs, their families and relatives Carried the title Gat or Lakan

19. FREE MEN Free-born persons or freed slaves

20. DEPENDENTS Also known as ALIPIN Aliping namamahay Aliping sagigilid

21. WOMAN SOCIETY in

22. GOVERNMENT, BARANGAY RELATIONS, LAW JUDICIAL PROCESS The and

23. BARANGAY Composed of 30 – 100 families Derived from the M alay word “balangay” meaning boat Ruled by a chieftain called Datu , Hari or Raja (in Muslim communities)

24. SANDUGUAN Barangays concluded a treaty of friendship and alliance through this ritual

25. MARAGTAS One of the earliest examples of the written laws CODE

26. JUDICIAL Trial by ordeal Trial by combat PROCESS

27. RELIGION

28. RELIGION Early Filipinos worshipped a Supreme Being they called Bathalang Maykapal. Minor deities they worshipped: Idianale – god of agriculture Sidapa – god of death Agni – god of fire Mandarangan – god of war Lalahon – goddess of harvest Siginarugan – god of hell

29. RELIGION The pre-Spanish Filipinos worshipped nature, the sun, the moon, the animals, the birds and even old trees. They believed in ancestral spirits called anitos by the Tagalogs and diwatas by the Visayans. The babaylan and katalona are priestesses who perform ritual offerings of sacrifice.

30. PUBERTY RITES SEXUALITY and

31. Pre-Spanish Filipinos performed circumcision of their sons, a special rite done “for their health and cleanliness” Among the Visayans, it was puberty that men “skilfully made a hole in their virile member near its head, fastened it with a peg of the same material”. Young girls from the age of 6 and upward were “gradually opened” by certain men tasked to such function

32. The Tagalogs had a different form of puberty rituals. Young girls who had their menstruations were blindfolded for four nights. Then a feast was given to friends and relatives. The Katalona bathe the young girl in the river and remove the blindfold. Filipinos also used potions for sexual malfunctioning.

33. BURIAL MOURNING PRACTICES and

34. BURIAL MOURNING PRACTICES and Mourning for a dead chieftain was called Laraw ; for a dead man Maglahe ; for a dead woman Morotal . Early Filipinos believed that the tattoo was a passport to the other world. Sudden death of a man killed by sword, lightning or crocodile were considered honourable and his soul went straight to Caluwalhatian by means of a rainbow.

35. EDUCATION

36. Their alphabet, from Asokan (Indian) origin consisted of 17 letters with 3 vowels and 14 consonants. They used iron-pointed pens and wrote on tree boards, bamboo tubes and leaves of plants.

37. LANGUAGES

38. The eight major languages spoken by the ancient Filipinos were Tagalog, Ilokano, Pangasinense, Kapampangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, Samarnon and Maguindanaw. Malayo-Polynesian language is the mother tongue of Malay and Pacific races

39. MUSIC DANCES and

40. Kudyapi Tulogan Silbay Kutibeng MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

41. Balitaw - Visayan folk song Dandansoy – Visayan tuba dance Kumintang – Tagalog love dance Mahinhin – Tagalog courtship dance Kinnotan Tadek – Tinggian love dance MUSIC and DANCES

42. ECONOMY

43. ECONOMY Agriculture was the main source of livelihood of the Filipinos. Two systems of land cultivation: Kaingin System (upland ) Tillage System (lowland) Two systems of land holding: Private Public

44. ECONOMY Other industries were mining, shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, weaving, poultry and livestock. Inter- baranganic trade and commerce was carried through the water system. Early Filipinos traded with countries like Japan, Thailand, India, Old Malaysia and Indonesia. The system of weights facilitated their commercial transactions.

45. SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY Legaspi concludes that the natives were lazy and that they did not have the motivation to accumulate wealth. He did not understand that precisely, this was the nature or character of subsistence economy where everyone just worked for what he immediately needed and that was all. Besides, there was no parasitic class to exploit the labor of others for its benefit.

46. PRE - COLONIAL LIFE and CULTURE