Pre-Colonial Philippines Practices, Culture, Customs,.pdf

History

1. Pre-Colonial Philippines
Practices, Culture,
Customs, and Government
Prepared by: Cyrel C.
Deocampo
Course Instructor
Sonia & Gregorio Zaide

2. Influence from other countries
•Japan
•China
•Indonesia
•Malaysia

3. Our Early Ancestors
•The Barangays-was a
self-sustaining
community, ruled by a
Datu. Generally
consisted 30 to 100
families..

4. Houses and Dwellings
•The houses of our
ancestors were made of
wood and bamboo, roofed
by nipa palm leaves and
were called bahaykubo
(nipa hut).
•Some lived in tree-houses
which were built on top of
trees for better protection
against enemy.

5. Food and Drinks
•The staple food of the early
Filipinos was rice.
•They cooked their food
earthen pots or in bamboo
tubes.
•They ate with their fingers,
using the banana plants as
plates and coconut shells
as drinking cups.

6. Food and Drinks
•The most popular wine of the
early Filipinos was the Tuba,
according to Dr. Antonio de
Morga.
•Other wines-basi(Ilocano wine
from sugarcane); pangasi
(Visayan wine made from rice);
lambanog(Tagalog wine from
coconut palm); and tapay
(Igorot wine made from rice).

7. Mode of Dressing
•The men wore a collarless,
short, short-sleeved jacket
called kanganand a strip of
cloth, called bahag.
•Instead of hat, the men
used putong, a piece of
cloth wound around the
head.
•They also had jewels, gold
necklaces, gold armlets
called kalambigas.

8. Mode of Dressing
•The women wore a wide-
sleeved jacket called baro.
•Their skirt was called
patadyong, a piece of
cotton cloth which they
wrapped around their waist
and let fall their feet.

9. Tattoos
•The early Filipinos tattooed
their bodies with various
designs representing
animals, birds, flowers and
geometric figures.
•The tattoos served two
purposes: (1) to enhance
their bodily beauty, and (2)
to show their war record.

10. Natural Courtesy and Politeness
•When two persons of equal
rank met on the road, they
removed their putong
(turban) as a sing of
courtesy.
•They use “Po” on
addressing superiors,
which is equivalent to sir.

11. Cleanliness and Neatness
•Filipinos bathed in the river
during subset when they had
finished their daily toil.
-Gugo-used to wash their hair
-Buyo-used to chewed by
Filipinos to make their teeth
colored but strong.
Gugo Buyo

12. Cleanliness and Neatness
•According to Father
Francisco Colin: They keep a
vesselfull of water at the
door of every house, and
every person, whether
belonging to the house or
not, upon entering takes
water from to the vessel to
washed his feet.
Banga

13. Family Life
•The Father was the head of
the Family.
•The mother was the
housekeeper.
-The mother had the privilege
of naming the children.
▪Girl-Maganda
▪Boy-Malakas

14. Society and Social Classes
•The Threesocial Classes:
(1) nobles, (2) Freemanand
(3) slaves(Maharlika,
timawa, alipin).

15. Society and Social Classes
•Translation from Professor
Frederick W. Morrison.
▪Principales-Datus/Raha
▪Hidalgos-Freeman/Maharlika
▪Esclavos-Alipin/Slaves

16. Kinds of Slaves
•AlipingNamamahay-lived
in their own houses.
•AlipingSaguiguilid-owned
no property; they lived in
their master’s house.

17. Emancipation of Slaves
•The various ways of
emancipation were as
follows: (1) marriage, (2)
purchase and (3) voluntary
action of the master.

18. Woman’s Position in Early Society
•Tribal laws and customs
recognized women as equal
to men.
•They could own and inherit
property.

19. Marriage Custom
•The groom gave a dowry to
the family of the bride. This
was called bigaykaya.
-Gold, land, slaves or
anything else value.
•The groom had to work in the
house of the girl for a certain
period of time.

20. The practiced of Divorce
•The grounds for divorce were:
(1) adultery on the part of the
wife; (2) desertion on the part
of the husband; (3) loss of
affection; (4) cruelty, (5)
insanity and (6) childlessness.

21. Barangay Government
•Each barangay was ruled
by a chieftain or king
called datu. The rulers of
bigger barangay kingdoms
assumed the tittle of raha,
hari, or lakan.
Datu Ali

22. Barangay Government
•The power of a Datu:
-Chief Executive
-Commander of the barangay
warriors
▪Obtain his/her position by
inheritance.
▪The barangay government
contained the seeds of
democracy.

23. Confederation of Barangays
•The cause for the emergence
of such confederation were:
(1) for better protection
against enemies and (2) the
marriage of a lakanof a
barangay with the lakambini
of another barangay.

24. BaranganicRelations
•Barangays made treaties of
alliance and friendship with
each other, sealed by the
traditional ceremony of blood
compactcalled sandugo(one
blood).

25. BaranganicWars
•The causes of Baranganic
wars were as follows: (1)
put in death without cause;
(2) when their wives are
stolen from them; (3) when
they go in peace to any
village, and they are
wronged or maltreated.

26. Laws
•The oral laws were their
customs (ugali) which handed
down orally from generation to
generation.
•The lawgiver in pre-Spanish
Philippines was a woman
named Lubluban.
•The written laws were
promulgated by the datuswith
the help of elders and by a
barangay carrier called
umalohokan.

27. Religion

28. Burial and Mourning Customs
•During the period of
mourning, the relatives of the
dead wore rattan bands
around their necks, arms,
and legs; used white
garments; and abstained
from eating meat and
drinking wine.
▪Mourning of the dead man-
maglahe.
▪Dead woman-morotal
▪Dead datu-larao

29. Superstitions
•They believed in witches,
asuang, mangkukulam,
tianak, tigbalang.
•They believed in magical
powers of amulets or
charms such as the anting-
anting, gayuma.

30. Superstitions

31. Languages
•The Malayo-Polynesian
language, the mother tongue
of the Pacific races.
•According Father Pedro Chrino
“There is no single general
language of the Filipinos
extending throughout the
islands”
-Tagalogwas regarded by the
early Spanish writers as the best
native language.

32. Writing

33. Literature
•It consist of awit(songs),
bugtong(riddles), salawikain
(proverbs), myths, legends
and poetry (lyric and epic).
▪Ifugao Alim and Hudhud
▪Ilocano Lam-ang
▪Bicol Handiong
▪Kalinga Ullaim
▪Maguindanao Indaraptra
and Sulayman

34. Education
•The Father trained his sons
to be warriors, hunters,
fishermen, miners,
lumberman and
shipbuilders.
•The mother trained her
daughters in cooking,
gardening, sewing and other
household arts.

35. Arts
•Architecture in pre-Spanish
Philippines was expressed
in the bahaykubostyle.
•Naval architecture-one-
man canoe called banka,
and a 230-man war boat
called Karakao(caracao)

36. Sculptures
•Sculpture was used by the
early Filipinos statues
stone, wood, and gold
made things.
•Clay pots and jars with
beautiful designs were
skillfully done.

37. Sciences

38. Weight and Measures

39. Calendars
•The Ifugao calendar
contains 13 month in a
year, each having 28 days.
•The Ifugao have a
calendar recorder called
tumunoh.

40. Domestic and Foreign Trade
•Barangay traded wit
barangay, island with island.
•They exchange rice, cotton
fish, salt, and other sea
products.
•They also carried on
commerce with China, Japan,
Siam (Thailand), Malacca,
India, Borneo, Sumatra,
Java, and other Asian
countries.

41. Coinage and Gold Coins
•They use coins as a
medium of exchange in
their business transactions
among themselves and
with foreign traders.

42. Agriculture and Industries
•Farming was the main
industry of ancient Filipinos.
•Two methods of farming
-Kaingin method
-Tillage
•Public and private ownership
of land.
•Other industries were fishing,
mining, lumbering, weaving
and metal work.