Preconception care and antenatal care

PRECONCEPTION CARE
definition
aims
purposes
components
role of midwife
ANTENATAL CARE
definition
goals
schedule for anc
assessment
antenatal preparation
health education
anc exercise
anc diet
prevention from radiation
CULTURAL ASPECTS DURING PREGNANCY

1. PRECONCEPTION CARE Antenatal care & CULTURAL ASPECT OF PREGNACY. BHOOMIKA .P 3 RD BSC

2. PRECONCEPTION CARE

3. Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavior and social health intervention to women and couple before conception occur. DEFINITION

4. It aims at improving their health status and reducing behavior and individual and environment factor that contribute to poor maternal and child health in both the short and long term . 01 To improve Maternal and child health, in both the short and long term. 02 03 AIMS Oppourtunities to prevent and control diseases occur at multiple stages of life; strong public health programmes that use a life-course perspective from infancy through childhood and adolescence to adulthood are needed.

5. AIMS 04 To improve maternal and child health, it brings health benefit to adolescents, women and men, irrespective to their plan to become parents. 05 To secure optimal health and nutrition condition in both parents not only improves the changes of conception but reduces the possibility of parental death and many congenital anomalies . 06 To ensure that the women and her partner are in optimal state of physical and emotional health at the onset of pregnancy.

6. AIMS 07 To promote the prenatal health which include developing positive attitude about pregnancy, womanhood and child bearing. 08 To benefit women being treated for a condition such as sickle cell anemia, hypertension, heart disease, diabetic this may cause a high risk pregnancy

7. . PURPOSSE Establish lifestyle behaviors to maintain optimum health. Identify and treat risk (e.g. medical condition, substance abuse ) 3. Conceive a pregnancy without necessary risk factors. 4. Prepare people psychologically for pregnancy and the responsibilities to become with parenthood.

8. WHY PRECONCEPTION CARE? . Preconception care has a positive effect on a range of health outcomes. Among others, preconception care can: a. Reduce maternal and child mortality b. Prevent unintended pregnancies c. Prevent complication during pregnancy and delivery d. Prevent stillbirths, preterm birth and lowbirth weight e. Prevent birth defect f. Prevent neonatal infection g. Prevent underweight and stunting h. Prevent vertical transmission of HIV/STIs i . Lower the risk of some forms of childhood cancers

9. COMPONENTS TOBACCO USE GENETIC CONDITION ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NUTRITION CONDITION INFERTILITY AND SUBFERTILITY HIV INTRAPERSONAL VIOLENCE MENTAL HEALTH SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION(STI) VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE TO EARLY,UNWANTED AND RAPID SUCCESSIVE PREGNANCIES

10. ROLE OF MIDWIFE 6.Plan for intervention to promote health and address the risk identified. 8. Provide intensive care during inter conception period. 1.Identify women of reproductive age . 5. Encourage each women and every couple to have a reproductive life plan . 7. Provide follow up care. 3.Educate women and men regarding preconception health. 2.Screen for risk factor of all identified women under their care . 4.Educate and create awareness in the families and community about preconception care.

11. ANTENATAL CARE

12. DEFINITION Planned examination and observation for the women from conception till the birth Or Antenatal care refer to the care that is given to an expected mother from time of conception is confirmed until the beginning of labor .

13. GOALS OF ANTENATAL CARE. To reduce maternal mortality and morbidity rates. b To improve the physical and mental health of women and children. . d . To decrease financial recourse for care of mothers. . c. To prevent, identify, maternal and fetal abnormality that can affect pregnancy outcome.

14. SCHEDULE FOR ANC Check up every four week up to 28 weeks gestation. Every 2 week until 36 weeks of gestation. Visit each week until delivery. More frequently visits may be required if there are abnormalities or complication or if danger signs arise during pregnancy .

15. ASSESMENT & PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A The initial assessment interview can establish the trusting relationship between the doctor and the pregnant women. C Obtaining a basic for anticipatory guidance for pregnancy. B Getting information about the women physical and psychological health. . ASSESMENT

16. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION LABORATORY DATA HISTORY COLLECTION HEALTH EDUCATION DURING PREGNANCY During the first visit, -personal and social history -menstrual history -current problem with pregnancy -obstetrical history -medical and surgical history -family history Physical examination is important to: ▪ Detect previously undiagnosed Physical problem that may affect the pregnancy outcome ▪ Establish baseline level that will guide the treatment of the expectant mother and fetus throughout pregnancy. ➢ LAB, is performed as: Routine tests Specific tests ➢ Ultrasound is performed to: Estimate the gestational age. Check amniotic fluid volume Check the position of the placenta. Detect the multiple pregnancy and congenital malformation. The position of the baby.

17. ANTENATAL PREPARATION

18. HEALTH EDUCATION HYGIENE SLEEP BREAST CARE

19. HEALTH EDUCATION DENTAL CARE DRESSING TRAVEL

20. HEALTH EDUCATION SEXUAL ACTIVITY EXERCISES DIET

21. BENEFITS FOR EXERCISE : REDUCTION IN ACHES AND PAINS EG. BACKACHES AND CRAMPS IMPROVED POSTURE AND BODY AWARENESS. REDUCE CONSTIPATION. REDUCTION IN MINOR ALIGNMENT OF PREGNANCY. AIDS POSTNATAL RECOVERY. IMPROVE ABILITY TO COPE WITH LABOUR AND CHILDBIRTH. ENERGY LEVEL WILL BE INCREASED. HELPS TO REGAIN THE SHAPE MORE QUICKLY AFTER DELIVERY . ANTENATAL EXERCISES

22. ANTENATAL EXERCISES EXERCISE WITH SWISS BALL WALKING KEGAL PELVIC FLOOR YOGA FLEXION

23. https:// youtube.be/hW3g497ngul

24. ANTENATAL DIET: 02 Nutrition plays an important role to have healthy pregnancy. Pregnancy happens to be most demanding period of women hence eating a balanced diet become all the most important Carbohydrate and fats: intake of carbohydrate should be sufficient, otherwise weight gain in pregnancy is poor . diet should contain essential fatty acids. Proteins :eat variety of proteins rich foods. Minerals : calcium, iron, sodium, zinc, iodine prevents adverse effect in foetus . Calcium requirement is double so to develop baby bones . Folic acid is most important nutrient prevents neural tube defect. Fibers should be taken in large amount.

25. PREVENTION FROM RADIATION Nowadays MRI and ultrasound are used If any case radiation has to be used after first trimester in low dose and foetus should be well protected. The risk of radiation is … Malignancy Low IQ , microcephaly , catract , and cleft palate. It can be prevented by: proper shielding app filter , reducing exposure time. At last try to avoid radiological procedure

26. Cultural And Social Aspects In Pregnancy

27. REASONS FOR SINGLE MOTHER UNMARRIED WIDOWED SEPERATION DIVORCED

28. SURROGATE MOTHER A women who carries the fetus of the infertile women’s husband and then relinquishes the child to couple for rearing . This usually done for couple that has difficulty with delivering a viable fetus.  

29. PREGNANT TEENEGER MARRIED AND UNMARRIED Adolescents are at increased risk for pre term labor and delivery compared to older women. Babies born to adolescents mother are more likely to be low birth weight. Babies born to adolescents mother are at an increased risk of prenatal and infant mortality.

30. Prevention: abstinence( choosing not to engage in a certain behavior ) Protected sex (condom use, birth control, IUD, etc) Talking to teens about outcomes and risk factor of pregnancy Comprehensive sex education Sign and symptoms : Missing a period Nausea and vomiting Breast changes ( enlargement, tenderness) Urinating more Baby movement On other hand an unmarried pregnant adolescent may be driven away by her parents and be left with no mean of support.

31. UNWEED MOTHERS Unmarried mothers are of concern to people in very many societies partly because their behavior threatens the almost universal norms of bearing children only within a marital relationship and also BECAUSE THEY POSE A COMPLEX PROBLEM FOR THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL SERVICES. Despite this concern and the fact that many agencies both social and medical care for their needs little of what is known about unmarried mothers.

32. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE domestic violence is serious problems on both victim and member of his/her family especially on children. Physical effect of violence during pregnancy: Insufficient weight gain Vaginal/cervical/kidney infection/Uterine infection Vaginal bleeding Abdominal tenderness Hemorrhage Complication during pregnancy Miscarriage Low birth weight Rupture membrane Abruption placenta Death

33. PREVENTION Improve educational status of the women and girls. Increase the opportunities for the girls or women. Provide sexual education at the early age to the girls. Improving their self esteem and negotiating skills Reduing gender inequality Aware the girls and women about there rights against and power Encourage women to fight against violent activities.

34. RESEARCH PRECONCEPTION CARE: MAXIMIZING THE GAINS FOR MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH. A new WHO study report shows that preconception care has a positive impact on maternal and child health outcome. A report provides a foundation for implementing a package of promoting, preventive and curative health interventions shown to have been effective in improving maternal and child health.

35. CONCLUSION PRECONCEPTION CARE : Definition Aims Purpose Why preconception care ANTENATAL PREPARATION : Definition Goals schedule of ANC History and assesment Counseling/health education Antenatal exercises antenatal diet Prevention from radiation CULTURAL ASPECTS OF PREGNACY : Reasons for single mother Surrogate mothers Unweed mother unmarried or married teenager mother Domestic violent

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