Preddddddfgfxdrfgfddyygddsentation1.pptx

Science

1. CELL-THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

2. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS All living organisms are made up of cells. - The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. - Cells are like tiny building blocks that form tissues, organs, and ultimately, the entire body. Why is a Cell Important? - It carries out all life processes (growth, reproduction, respiration, etc.). - It contains genetic material (DNA/RNA) that passes traits from one generation to another.

3. DISCOVERY OF CELL Robert Hooke (1665): Discovered cells in cork using a microscope and coined the term 'cell.' - Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674): Observed living cells in pond water. - Schleiden & Schwann (1838-39): Proposed the Cell Theory: 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. - Rudolf Virchow (1855): Added that all cells arise from pre-existing cells

4. Types of Cells Based on Structure: 1. Prokaryotic Cells (e.g., Bacteria) - Simple, small in size - No nucleus (genetic material floats in cytoplasm) - No membrane-bound organelles

5. 2. Eukaryotic Cells (e.g., Plants, Animals) - Complex, larger in size - Have a well-defined nucleus - Have membrane-bound organelles

6. Based on Number of Cells: 1. Unicellular Organisms – Made up of a single cell (e.g., Amoeba, Bacteria). 2. Multicellular Organisms – Made up of many cells (e.g., Humans, Plants).

7. Structure of a Cell A typical eukaryotic cell consists of three main parts: 1.CELL MEMBRANE 2.CYTOPLASM 3.NUCLUES

8. 1. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) - Outer covering of the cell. - Semi-permeable: Allows only selective substances to pass.

9. 2 . Cytoplasm - Jelly-like fluid inside the cell. - Contains all organelles (tiny structures with specific functions).

10. 3. Nucleus - The control center of the cell. - Contains DNA, which carries genetic information.

11. Cell Organelles and Their Functions - Mitochondria : Powerhouse of the cell, produces energy. - Ribosomes : Protein synthesis. - Endoplasmic Reticulum : Transports materials (Smooth ER & Rough ER).

12. - Golgi Apparatus : Packages and distributes proteins. - Lysosomes : Digest waste materials. - Vacuoles : Stores water and nutrients (larger in plant cells).

13. Difference Between Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cells: Have a cell wall. Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Large central vacuole.

14. Animal Cells: No cell wall. No chloroplasts. Small or no vacuoles.

15. Functions of Cells 1. Growth and Development – Cells multiply through division. 2. Reproduction – In unicellular organisms, a single cell divides to form new life. 3. Metabolism – Energy production and chemical reactions take place in cells. 4. Response to Stimuli – Cells react to environmental change s

16. Importance of Cells in Daily Life - Medical Science: Understanding cells helps in disease treatment (e.g., cancer research). - Genetics: Study of cells helps in DNA modification (e.g., cloning, genetic engineering). - Agriculture: Cell studies help in improving crops and food production.

17. Conclusion - Cells are the basic unit of life, responsible for all functions in living organisms. - The study of cells helps us understand life, disease, and evolution. - With advancements in science, our knowledge of cells continues to grow, opening new possibilities in medicine and technology.

18. THANK YOU