Preparation and formulation of shampoos

Assignment: preparation and formation of shampoo

1. Presentation Assignment Topic :-Formulation and preparation of shampoo SUBJECT :-Industrial Pharmacy - I MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY ROHTAK (HARYANA ) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE

2. Shampoo Shampoo  is a hair care product that is used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminants that are gradually build up in hair. In terms of Pharmacy :- A shampoo is  a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form – liquid, solid or powder – which when used under the specified conditions will ▪ remove surface grease, ▪ dirt, and ▪ skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.

3. Shampoos are of the following types:- Powder Shampoo Liquid Shampoo Lotion Shampoo Cream Shampoo Jelly Shampoo Aerosol Shampoo Specialized Shampoo Conditioning Shampoo Anti ‐ dandruff Shampoo Baby Shampoo Two layer shampoo Formulation of Shampoo :- Water Surfactant :- Ammonium lauryl sulphate , Sodium Lauryl sulphate or sodium laurate sulphate . Foam boosters :- betaines or alkanolamines . Thickeners :- Carboxy methyl cellulose ,NaCl Conditioning agents :- Silicones such as methicone and quaternary agents. Preservatives :- DMDM hydantoin & Methylparaben Anti dandruff agents :- Selenium sulphides , Inc pyrithone , salicylic acid Ph buffers :- Citric acid Aesthetic additives :- colorants :- Glycerine disterate Opacifiers :- EDGS Fragrance :- Limonene , Ethyl isovalerate

4. Surfactants :- Anionic surfactants are mostly used (good foaming properties). The hydrophilic portion carries a negative charge which results in superior foaming, cleaning and end result attributes. Non‐ionic surfactants have good cleansing properties but do not have sufficient foaming power. Cationic surfactants are toxic and are hence not used. However, they may be used in low concentration in hair conditioners. Ampholytic, being expensive, are generally not used. However, they are mainly used as secondary surfactants and good hair conditioners.

5. Surfactants are the main component of shampoo. Mainly anionic surfactants are used. A surfactant consists of two part ‐ one hydrophilic (water loving) while the other is hydrophobic in nature. (Shampoo is generally made by combining  a surfactant , most often sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water. The sulphate ingredient acts as a surfactant, essentially heavy-duty soap that makes it easier to trap oil and grease.)

6. Manufacturing Process :-

7. Function of Shampoo :- Remove the dirt, oil and greasiness Protect the hair Cleaning of hair and scalp soothe the scalp Nourishes the scalp and hair Treating the dandruff , lice or the other scalp problems. Ideal Properties of shampoo

8. Shampooing Procedure and work:-

9. Evaluation of the shampoo :- Microbiological assay Eye irritancy test Product characteristics Fragrance Color Consistency Package Performance characteristics :- Foam and foam stability Detergency and cleaning action Effect of water hardness Surface Tension and wetting Surfactant content and analysis Rinsing Conditioning action Softness Luster Lubricity Body, texture and set retention Irritation and toxicity Dandruff control

10. 1. Foam and foam stability: 2. Detergency and cleaning action:

11. 4. Rinsing • Skilled beauticians are employed to make comparisons on the performance of several shampoos. 5. Conditioning Action: 3. Wetting Action:

12. 6. Evaluation of eye irritancy: 8. Viscosity:

13. Requirements of a Shampoo: It should effectively and completely remove dust or soil, excessive sebum or other fatty substances and loose corneal cells from the hair. It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy the psychological requirements of the user. It should be easily removed on rinsing with water. It should leave the hair non ‐dry, soft, lustrous with good manageability and minimum fly away. It should impart a pleasant fragrances to the hair. It should not cause any side ‐effects / irritation to skin or eye. It should not make the hand rough and chapped.

14. References :- WWW.google.com https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1VDKB_enIN929IN929&sxsrf=AOaemvJGC7ONwQbQLGWst2ZktwKnLQXiLA:1642260282752&q=Formulation+of+shampoo+SlideShare&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxpaCmiLT1AhXzsVYBHUVtD7AQ1QJ6BAgyEAE https://webstor.srmist.edu.in/web_assets/srm_mainsite/files/files/SHAMPOOS.pdf https://www.ncrdsip.com/images/learning-management/10.pdf https://www.google.com/ search?q =unit+5+cosmetics+in+industrial+pharmacy+notes&rlz=1C1VDKB_enIN929IN929&oq=unit+5+cosmetics+in+industrial+pharmacy+notes&aqs=chrome..69i57.10773j0j7&sourceid= chrome&ie =UTF-8

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