preparation of chemotherapeutic drugs.pptx

This presentation deals with preparation of chemotherapeutic drugs.

1. PREPARATION OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS Amala John Tutor College Of Nursing AIIMS, New Delhi

2. INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly prescribed treatment procedures for cancer that relies on the ability of specific drugs to destroy the cancerous cells that attack the body It works either by slowing down the growth of the cells or stopping it completely However, cancer patients need to consider the treatment very carefully before they undergo the procedure. This is because, in the process of destroying the malignant cells, chemotherapy can also harm the healthy cells that divide quickly

3. HISTORY OF CHEMOTHERAPY The term chemotherapy was first coined to describe the use of chemicals or drugs to treat microbial diseases and later neoplastic diseases In the 1940s, nitrogen mustard, the first cytotoxic drug , was introduced for cancer chemotherapy. Nitrogen mustard—a derivative of mustard gas, which was used as a chemical deterrent in the two world wars— was developed as an antineoplastic drug after it was learned that soldiers exposed to this drug developed reversible leukopenia .

4. CHEMOTHERAPY-DEFINITION Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs designed to slow or stop the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells in the body. The drugs may be used As a primary treatment Before another treatment to shrink a tumour After another treatment To relieve symptoms of advanced cancer .

5. Chemotherapy drugs will Impair mitosis, or prevent cell division, as in the case of cytotoxic drugs Target the cancer cells' food source, which consists of the enzymes and hormones they need to grow Trigger the suicide of cancer cells, known medically as apoptosis Stop the growth of new blood vessels that supply a tumour in order to starve it.

6. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION Oral Intravenous Intramuscular Subcutaneous Arterial Intracavitary Intrathecal routes Topical

7. PRE ADMINISTRATION ASSESSMENT Medical and treatment history Height , weight , BSA Pathology and laboratory result Adherence to treatment Response to treatment Psychosocial assessment

8. Dose calculation The dose of drug to be administered generally is based on the individual’s body surface area (BSA).

9. Three approved patient identifiers ; e.g. patient's name (family and given names), date of birth, gender, address and medical record number. The name of the medication. The dose and dose unit of the medication. The volume of the medication (if appropriate). The route of administration. The date and time of administration. The rate of administration. PRE ADMINISTRATION ASSESSMENT

10. All chemotherapy drug must be stored separately from other non-chemotherapy drugs used in the ward. There should be a separate unpacking area limiting exposure risks. There should be a receptacle for cytotoxic waste in the unpacking area. STORAGE AND UNPACKING OF CHEMO DRUGS

11. Workers at risk of exposure wear a protective gown and two pairs of gloves when unpacking and cleaning cytotoxic drugs. Damaged contents be treated as a spill All surfaces be cleaned when the task is complete When removing or transporting drugs out of the storage area, one pair of gloves and a gown be worn . STORAGE AND UNPACKING OF CHEMO DRUGS

12. Cytotoxic Drug Preparation Cabinet

13. Cytotoxic Drug Preparation Cabinet

14. All mixing, and preparation of administration sets with a cytotoxic drug be performed in biological safety cabinet. Advantages: Is exhausted through a HEPA filter to the outside atmosphere that prevents recirculation into any inside area. Has exhaust and ventilation systems that remain in operation for a sufficient period of time to ensure that no contaminants escape from the biological safety cabinet into the workplace Cytotoxic Drug Preparation Cabinet

15. Drug Preparation Nurses should wear PPE, a cap, surgical/procedure mask, shoe covers, a protective gown and two pairs of gloves to make sterile preparations of cytotoxic drugs in preparation cabinets. Organize the work to limit microbial and environmental contamination. Cover the work surface with a disposable, absorbent, sterile, plastic-backed pad to absorb any liquid contamination that may occur. The pad should be changed after 3.5 hours of continuous work.

16. It is strongly recommended that: Priming of tubing SHOULD BE DONE before the addition of the cytotoxic drugs. The drug containers not be overfilled

17. Transport and Storage Following Preparation Cytotoxic drugs be placed in a closed, leak-proof plastic bag. (e.g., Ziploc® type). Transport of the cytotoxic drug in a closed, leak-proof plastic bag from the pharmacy be done in a rigid, shock-resistant, leak-proof container made of a material that can be easily cleaned and decontaminated. The bottom be covered with an absorbent, plastic-backed cloth.

18. Preparation for the Administration of Chemotherapy Protective clothing and equipment (gowns, gloves, goggles, face shields), should be worn. Gowns :Disposable, impermeable/low permeability fabric. Gloves : Powder-free surgical latex gloves .Gloves should be changed after each administration, OR if contamination or puncture occurs, OR every 60 minutes. Masks : should protect against aerosolized particles

19. Handling Precautions: Transfer chemotherapy tablets/powder into empty syringe barrel without touching them (wear gloves). Open capsules in a biohazard hood. It is preferable to dissolve tablets in water instead of crushing them. Prepare each dose on an absorbent pad on an uncluttered surface. Discard materials that have been in contact with the tablets/capsules (medicine cups, oral syringes, absorbent pad, etc) as hazardous waste. Wash your hands after preparing medication. Preparation for the Administration of Chemotherapy

20. PREPARATION OF VIDEO https:// youtu.be/StR8tCBv-go?si=QvOB8kT5AbLoEP_R&t=5