Prepositions & postpositions

Briefing about preposition and postposition

1. Prepositions & Postpositions

2. Preposition A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence. The relationships may include direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount.  Examples: She went to the store - Direction He came by bus - Manner They will be here at three o'clock - Time It is under the table - Place

3. Preposition Preposition comes from Latin, a language in which such a word is usually placed before its complement. English is another such language. Prepositions precede their complements. (Thus it is pre-positioned). a bout, above, beneath, into, like – some common prepositions. Example She drove to the store p complement Karachi Pakistan mein hain . Chalo saath chalein .

4. Postposition The words of grammatical function come after, not before, the complement. Such words are then commonly called postpositions. Many head-final languages (E.g. Bengali, Korean, Tamil, Basque, Turkish, and Japanese ). Among, for , to, with – some common postpositions. Par, se, ko - some hindi postpositions Example Three minutes before . John received a generous offer few hours ago . Kitaab mez par hai . Main Hindustan se hun .

5. Postposition in Hindi Postpositions in Hindi are like prepositions in English but they are placed  after  the noun . Example - ped ghar ke peeche hain . The use of postpositions makes it possible to express the cases in Hindi.  Example - larki ka kaam – genetive case - larke ko de do - dative - larki se – ablative - larki mein - locative

6. Postposition in Bengali Postpositions in Bengali are like prepositions in English but they are placed  behind  the noun or pronoun. The noun or pronoun is often in the possessive case. Example - aapnar saamne ( infront of you) - babar kaache (near father) - taar jonno fase gechi (stuck because of him)

7. Adposition Preposition Postposition Circumposition NOTE: Some people use “preposition“ instead of Adposition for all three cases.

8. Prepositional Phrase The prepositional phrase consists of the preposition, its object, and modifiers of the object. The object of the preposition is always a noun, pronoun, or a group of words used as a noun.

9. Prepositional Phrase Example The coin fell between the cracks . p object They walked to their school . p object

10. Function of Prepositions Adjective modifying a noun – “Look at the boat with the blue sail ”. Adverb modifying a verb – “The team won  without the starting quarterback ”. As nominal when used in conjunction with the verb form  to be – “The park is  next to the hospital ”.

11. Semantic properties of Prepositions In   semantic  terms, the preposition functions to illustrate a logical, temporal, or spatial relationship between the object of the prepositional phrase and the other components of the sentence .

12. Example The dog is asleep  on  his bed. In this example, the prepositional phrase  on  his bed  indicates a spatial relationship between the subject  dog  and the object  bed . The town hasn't been the same  since  the war . In this sentence, the prepositional phrase  since  the war  indicates a temporal relationship between the verb phrase  hasn't been the same  and the object  war .

13. Use of Adpositional phrases Can modify sentences infinitely – important to understand their form and function. W riters use prepositional phrases  excessively, creating an almost arousing effect in an attempt at over clarification.