prescription, its types and importance

prescription types parts and importance of prescription.
legal importance

1. Good morning Nesnal Niraula B.pharm acy sunsari technical college Dharan ,Nepal PRESCRIPTION

2. Contents Introduction Parts Importance Types Prescription error Minimization of prescription errors Conclusion

3. Introduction Prescription is a written order by a registered physician directing the pharmacist to prepare or dispense pharmacological agents or medications for the diagnosis ,prevention or treatment of disease. It is clinical as well as legal document.

4. Contd. Prescription plays a role of communication between Physician Pharmacist and Patient

5. Contd. It not only contains name of medicines but also Dietary advice Investigation Surgical advice etc.

6. Derived from two latin words: Prae means- before Scribe means- to write

7. Parts of prescription Practitioners and pharmacy's information Personal identifications History Examination of patient Investigation Diagnosis Superscription

8. Contd. Inscription Subscription Sig. or label Signature

9. Practitioner's and pharmacy's information Name and address of pharmacy TelePhone number Practitioners name and qualification Time of practitioner on the pharmacy Date of check up

10. Personal identifications Name Age Sex Address Marital status Occupation Religion

11. History Chief complains History of presenting illness Family history Personal history Socio economic history Menstrural history Drug allergy

12. Examination of patient General examination Systemic examination Appearance Inspection Height and weight Palpation Vital signs Percussion J.A.L.C.C.O.D Auscultation

13. Investigation Required tests and examination Results from tests Eg.. X-ray , serological examinations, FBS, PPBS etc

14. Diagnosis Differential diagnosis : diagnosis without the report of lab examinations Confirmed diagnosis : diagnosis after studying the overall lab examinations like video x-ray,CT scan ,endoscopy

15. Superscription Sign of jupiter(god of healing) R and J of the sign indicate: R-receive or thou take J-Jupiter Meaning:- I am giving this medication with the .. witness of god

16. Inscription Most important part of prescription,also known as body of prescription. Name, strength, and dosage form of drug is indicated Eg. Cap. Amoxycilin 500mg Tab. Paracetamol 500mg

17. Subscription Instructions to the patient is included When to take? How to take? How much to take? When to follow up? Eg. 10 ml bd proper way of storage, health tips, dietary advice, surgical advice, etc.

18. Sig. or label It is the part necessary in case extempora - neous compounding is to be done. Eg. Calamine lotion- 50ml. 0.9%sodium chloride- 100ml Master formula is also provided.

19. Signatura Refill and special instruction (if required). Signature of RMP/prescriber with his/her approved registration number and the date of treatment. This part is of legal importance.

20. Importance of prescription Clinical importance Socio-economic importance Legal importance

21. Clinical importance Identification of exact medication. Gives idea of proper way, route and time of administration. Provides precautions on specific conditions. Strengthen the relation between physician, patient, and ppharmacist. Increase patient compliance as it provides dietary and surgical advices

22. Socioeconomic importance Rational use of medicine Effective utilization of drugs i.e.Controls drug abuse. Rapid improvement in patients health Control of resistance of drugs to some extent saves economy by solving health related problems reduces polypharmacy practice

23. Legal importance Unregistered medical practitioners and pharmacies can be checked and controlled. Ideal prescription acts as legal document for the future reference. Use or narcotics ,steroid hormones,and Unregistered drugs can be checked.

24. Types of prescription Based on compounding of drug Precompounding prescription Extemporaneous prescription Based on the place of prescribing Blank prescription Fascimile prescription NHS prescription

25. Precompounding prescription Prescription for already prepared drug by pharmaceutical company. Eg.Cap.ciprofloxacin -500mg

26. Extemporaneous prescription The pharmacist prepare the medication according to drugs and dosages as indicated in the prescription,, by the physician.

27. Blank prescription Used in confidential matters. They cannot be transported out of the hospital premises. Nothing is written over it except the prescribed medicine and signature of RMP.

28. Fascimile prescription Prescription prepared by fax. Required to be approved for their legal reference.

29. NHS prescription National Health Service prescription. Prepared in hospitals, health posts, and PHCs free of cost. Its use is high in Health insurance programme

30. Prescription errors These are the errors in writing and evaluating of prescription that are likely to occur by ignorance, or any barrier in communication. They are preventable events and could result in inappropriate therapy or harm to patient.

31. Steps in which error occur Prescribing Interpreting Dispensing Administering They are a type of medication error.

32. Reasons of error occurance Unclear handwriting Use of trade names Use of uncommon abbreviations Lack of rechecking Unmentioned date and NMC no. Lack of proper handling techniques

33. Minimization of prescription . . error Avoid use of trade names in prescription. Write prescription slowly including all facts. Write with clear handwriting or use electrically generated prescription.

34. Contd.. Manage organized workplace. Be aware of look alike and sound alike drugs. Extra care should be given with zeros and abbreviations Reduce distraction as possible

35. Contd.. Prescription should be checked thoroughly at last. Pharmacists should be aware of handling and counselling techniques.

36. Conclusion Prescription is indispensable part of pharmacy practise. It is patient's right to get authorized and registered prescription along with treatment. Prescription should be simple clear and confusion free. Prescription is not only the clinical document but also legal document.

37. Any question?

38. THE END