PRESCRIPTION WRITING.pptx234567890poiuytrewadfghjk

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1. PRESCRIPTION WRITING

2. Prescription: Is term applied to formula written by physician/dentist to the pharmacist for the preparation of remedies to the patient for the use of these drugs

3. Five Rights at prescription writing : 1-Right Patient: Diagnosis. 2- Right Drug. 3-Right Dose. 4- Right Time. 5-Right Route.

4. Elements of prescription: prescription Superscription (Heading) Body Tail Inscription Transcription subscription

5. Superscription(head): A- IDENTITY OF THE PRESCRIBER: 1. Name. 2- Specialty 3. Address. 4. Office telephone number (if any).

6. Superscription(head): B- IDENTITY OF THE PATIENT: 1-Name. 2. Address. 3. Age of the patient is a legal requirement especially in case of `prescription – only medicines' for children under 12 years. 4- Sex (Gender) 5- diagnosis

7. Superscription(head): C-Date of writing the prescription. D- Registration number and date. The symbol Rx , which is an abbreviation of the Latin word “recipe” mean simply TAKE

8. Inscription: it is the body of the prescription 1-Name of drug 2-Strength of drug 3-Pharmaceutical form 4-Amount of drug EX:Tetracycline 250 mg capsule (20 caps)

9. Subscription Directions from the physician to the pharmacist concerning the way of preparation to give the form and amount of the prescribing drug. This is applied when there is compound prescription.

10. Compound prescription: *Drugs prepared by the pharmacist at the time of which are not available as patent preparation. * They are prepared by mixing 2 or more drugs in a variety of dosage form including capsules, solutions, creams, ointments.

11. Reasons for preparing Compound prescription: 1-To mask a well-known drugs from the patient which the physician convinced that it is the required treatment e.g. diazepam, paracetamol. 2-Unavailability of small doses. 3-Unavailability of certain ingredients needed for treatment certain diseases

12. Transcription Direction for use to the patient 1-Method of administration 2-Frequency of administration 3-Time around meal Ex: Orally 1x4 before meal Example (inscription and transcription): Tetracycline 250 mg capsule (20 caps) Orally 1x4 before meal

13. Tail of prescription: A-Refill directions B- Signature Classification of controlled drugs: A- Schedule I Drugs in this schedule have no accepted medical use and have a high abuse potential e.g. heroin ,marijuana

14. Classification of controlled drugs: B- Schedule II High abuse risk but accepted medical use e.g. morphine ,opium, codeine C- Schedule III Abuse risk less than Schedule II, safe and accepted medical use e.g. Acetaminophen with codeine (Tylenol) Acetaminophen with hydrocodone (vicodine)

15. Classification of controlled drugs : D- Schedule IV Abuse risk less than Schedule III And safe and accepted medical e.g. Diazepam (valium), E-Schedule V Abuse risk less than Schedule IV And safe and accepted medical use e.g. antitussive and antidiarrheal

16. Refill - Refill prn (refill as needed) --- is not appropriate - If no refill is desired, “Zero” (not 0) --- should be written in the refill space * For schedule II drug ---- no refill *For schedule III &IV drug ---- not to exceed 5 refills or 6 months after the issue date, whichever comes first * For schedule V drug ---- no restriction

17. Abbreviations B.I.d twice daily T.I.d three times daily Q.I.d four times daily a.c before meal P.c after meal

18. Conversions between metric system & apothecary system. 1 grain (gr)= 0.065 g ≈ 60 mg 15 gr ≈ 1g 1 ounce ( oz )= 30 ml 1 teaspoonful= 5ml 1 tablespoonful= 15 ml 1 minim= 1 drop 20 drops= 1ml 2.2 pounds (1b)= 1Kg. 20%= 20 g/ dl

19. General notes: 1. Write in clear hand writing with correct names of drugs. 2. Date of prescription is important to detect cases where prescription orders are brought months or years after they were written by the prescriber. 3. Medicines are either prescribed using scientific or commercial names or both to avoid confusion with drugs having similar names.e.g . mefenamic acid. (ponstane.) 4-. Avoid personal abbreviations because it lead to misinterpretation. e.g. Propranolol &propoxyphene

20. General notes: 5- Avoid as needed many times in the same prescription and write down exactly when the patient must use the drug. 6- Drugs and food interaction should be consider carefully to avoid decreasing activity of the drug.e.g . tetracycline and antacid 7- Meals and drugs; generally : A- Drugs given 30 min before food (appetite stimulants, most antibiotics, all cholinergic, antiemetic). B- Drugs given within meals (drugs that cause stomach irritation (digestive enzymes). C- After food (NSAIDs ).