Prescriptive-VS-Descriptive.pptx

Linguistics

1. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR VS DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR

2. John is older than her. John is older than she

3. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR a set of norms governing how sentences should or should not be formed rather than describing how language is really used ( Rhalmi , 2020).

4. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR explains or prescribes rules on how a language should or ought to be used by the speakers ( Upen , 2018).

5. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR traditional approach of grammar

6. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR It helps people use formal English speech and writing

7. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR “good grammar” vs “bad grammar”

8. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR hard and fast rules

9. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR “Those who follow it (or those who endorse others to follow it) claim that doing so will help to streamline one's words and make one's prose more elegant" ( Tamasi & Antieau , 2015

10. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Advantage Teaching prescriptive grammar creates formal writers and resources.

11. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Advantage Teaching prescriptive grammar is beneficial for both non-native teachers and learners, as it has definite rules of language that help reduce confusion.

12. PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Disadvantage Prescriptive grammar might keep non-native speakers wondering and confused when they talk with a native speaker, as they might realize that some natives do not write or speak with these rules.

13. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR focuses on describing the language ( Rhalmi , 202)

14. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR focuses on describing the manner how either native or nonnative speakers use the language on a daily basis ( Upen , 2018).

15. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR objective, nonjudgmental ( Nordquist , 2019).

16. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR does not deal with what is good or bad language use ( Nordquist , 2019)

17. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR basis for dictionaries and for the field of linguistics ( Nordquist , 2019)

18. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR basis for dictionaries and for the field of linguistics ( Nordquist , 2019)

19. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Advantage The descriptive grammar approach improves non-native speakers’ pronunciation and helps them sound like native speakers.

20. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Advantage The descriptive grammar approach helps language learners understand the applied usage of language and communicate better with native speakers .

21. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Disadvantage The descriptive grammar approach is sometimes not used in formal settings, such as exams and speech.

22. PRINCIPLE Descriptive grammar takes the principle that the language usage can vary according to varied speakers. Thus, it does not consider what is ‘correct’ or incorrect grammar whereas prescriptive grammar takes the principle that the long-existed grammar rules created by the native speakers are the ‘correct’, and the variations are ‘incorrect.

23. GRAMMAR RULES The rules are made according to the daily usage of the language by the speakers. Therefore, no specific or standard rules are there in descriptive grammar , rather the rules describe and explain the speaker’s manner of language usage. On the contrary, there are specified and standard set or grammar rules in prescriptive grammar that should be followed by the speaker in their usage.

24. "All languages adhere to syntactical rules of one sort or another, but the rigidity of these rules is greater in some languages. It is very important to distinguish between the syntactical rules that govern a language and the rules that a culture imposes on its language." – (Ellis, 1999)

25. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Descriptive grammar describes language forms objectively and nonjudgmentally. Its aim is to study the principles and patterns that underlie the actual language use.

26. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR "Descriptive grammar does not give advice: They detail the ways in which native speakers use their language. A descriptive grammar is a survey of a language. For any living language, a descriptive grammar from one century will differ from a descriptive grammar of the next century because the language will have changed.“ (Hazen, 2015)

27. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR "Descriptive grammar is the basis for dictionaries, which record changes in vocabulary and usage, and for the field of linguistics, which aims at describing languages and investigating the nature of language." ( Battistella , 2015)

28. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR A descriptive grammarian would say that a sentence is “grammatical” if a native speaker of the language would produce that sentence in speaking. The descriptive grammarian would then try to describe how that sentence is produced through theorizing about the mental processes that lead up to the surface form.

29. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR A descriptive grammarian would say that a sentence is “grammatical” if a native speaker of the language would produce that sentence in speaking.

30. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR A descriptive grammarian would say that a sentence is “grammatical” if a native speaker of the language would produce that sentence in speaking.

31. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR Descriptive grammar assumes that the only authority for what is exists in a language is what its native speakers accept and understand as part of their language.

32. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR What components of language does descriptive grammar want to describe?

33. DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR