Presentación fonética sobre las consonantes

Fonética

1. Phonetics and Phonology of the Foreign Language I
Lucrecia Paruzzo & Gonzalo Ortiz
2nd Mid Term Exam2nd Mid Term Exam
Use of EnglishUse of English
ConsonantsConsonants

2. Place of articulation
Manner of articulation
Place of articulation
Horizontal Axes
Where the sound is produced
From lips to the back of the throat
Manner of articulation
Vertical Axes
How the sound is produced
Air flow: Free or
Partially/Completely stopped.
features in which
sounds differ
Detailed features
Consonant sound:
vocal fold activity/breath force
place, and manner of articulation.
The phonetic consonant chart
of English and Spanish
Classification
Description
Different

3. Consonants /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/, and /j/.
don´t have a Fortis-Lenis distinction
They are not produced with a burst of air.
Produced by allowing the air to flow continuously
through the mouth or nose.
Includes
Based on the difference between the two pairs
of consonants force or strength of
articulation.
It can affect the meaning of words in some
languages.
Example: "pat" and "bat" differ only in the
Fortis-Lenis distinction of the initial
consonant.
The Fortis-Lenis distinction:
Groups of englishGroups of english
consoantsconsoants
voiceless plosives: /p/, /t/, and /k/,
voiceless fricatives: /f/, /θ/, and /s/.
Produced with greater muscular tension
Generally louder and longer in duration than Lenis.
Stronger burst of air when they are released.
Includes:Fortis:
3 categories: Based on the strength or force of
articulation of the consonants.
voiced plosives: /b/, /d/, and /g/
voiced fricatives: /v/, /ð/, and /z/.
Poduced with less muscular tension.
Generally softer and shorter in duration than
Fortis.
Weaker burst of air when they are released.
Includes: Lenis:
No opposition:

4. Phoneme /ð/
Phoneme /k/
Phoneme /ŋ/
Phoneme /r/
ConsonantsConsonants

5. Voiceless plosive: Produced by blocking and
releasing the airflow in the vocal tract.
Articulated at the velar place, where the back of
the tongue touches the soft palate.
Unvoiced sound: Vocal cords don´t vibrate during
production.
Common in english.
Represented by letter "k" in words like "kite",
"keep", and "kind".
Also combined with other letters to represent
different sounds: "ch" sound in "school". Sound relatively short and sharp.
Can be followed by a brief period of
aspiration (a puff of air) in some languages.
The production can also be nasalized in
English: Velum is lowered so air can escape
through the nose (nasalized "k": as in
"ankle" and "uncle"). Closure phase: The back of the tongue is raised
to touch the soft palate, completely blocking the
airflow in the vocal tract.
Air pressure builds up behind the closure,
creating a momentary silence or "hold" phase.
Release phase: Sudden release of the closure,
allowing the air to escape rapidly and creating a
burst of sound.
2 Main phases: Raise hands and
snap fingers
together as if
playing castanets,
and say k, k, k.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Phoneme /k/Phoneme /k/

6. Voiced-lenis dental fricative: The place of
articulation is the teeth (tip of the tongue
between upper and lower teeth to create a
narrow opening).
Produced with less muscular tension and
force compared to "θ" (fortis couterpart).
Not a very common in English.
Some examples: "then," "loathe," "withhold,"
"rather," "although," and "southern". Involves placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and
lower teeth to create a narrow opening .
Involves air passing through this narrow opening, creating a
hissing sound.
Stages:
Approximation:
Friction: Pretend to be
teasing someone,
slightly showing
their tongue from
behind the teeth.
Phoneme /ð/Phoneme /ð/

7. Put a finger on top of
your nose feeling the
vibrations while
pronouncing the letter
“ng”. Then feel the
same vibration with
the word “sing”. Voiced velar nasal: consonant produced by
airflow through the nose while the back of
the tongue touches the soft palate.
Can be prolonged without interruption.
Not commonly used in English and is only
found in specific positions within words.
Represented by the letter "ng", such as
“sing” and “long”.
Pronounced as a separate consonant in
words like "finger" and "singer". Lowering the soft palate (velum) to allow air to
flow through the nose, while raising the back of
the tongue to touch the velum and create a
closure in the oral cavity.
The vocal cords vibrate during its production,
creating a distinctive sound that is different
from other nasal consonants like "m" and "n".
Production:
Phoneme /ŋ/Phoneme /ŋ/

8. Raising the tongue towards the alveolar ridge without actually
touching it, creating a narrow opening for the air to pass
through.
Allowing the air to flow through this narrow opening while
maintaining the tongue position.
In some dialects of English, such as Scottish and Irish
English, "r" is pronounced with a trill or flap, which involves
rapidly vibrating the tongue against the alveolar ridge.
Stages: Voiced alveolar approximant: the tongue is
raised towards the alveolar ridge without
touching it, creating a narrow opening for
the air to pass through.
Continuant consonant, allowing it to be
prolonged or sustained without interruption.
Commonly used in English.
Represented by the letter "r" in words such
as "red", "car", and "bird".
Variations in the pronunciation:
Retroflex "r": curling the tongue back
towards the palate.
Bunched "r": bunching up the tongue towards
the back of the mouth. Pretend to be a puppy
pulling a rag, with
teeth clenched and
saying mmm.
Phoneme /r/Phoneme /r/

9. ActivityActivity

10. GameGame