Presentación máquinas térmicas 12334.pptx

Motores de combustion interna

1. OPERATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Julián Esteban Pineda Barbosa - 181964 Carlos Alfredo Francis Cabrera - 181 887 St evin Kalle Herrera Gómez - 181970 Juan David Navarro - 182079

2. SUMMARY Internal combustion engines (ICEs) convert the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy through internal combustion. In the design of internal combustion engines, thermodynamic principles are applied to optimize engine efficiency and performance. These engines are divided into two main categories: injection engines and spark-ignition engines. The working principle of the engines, such as 2-stroke and 4-stroke, is also discussed.

3. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Operation: Internal combustion engines convert chemical energy into mechanical energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. Engine types:

4. INJECTION ENGINES AND SPARK IGNITION ENGINES Internal combustion engines can be classified according to how the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber and how the fuel-air mixture is ignited. Injection engines and spark ignition engines are two types that are notable for their differences in fuel supply and ignition mechanism.

5. INJECTION ENGINES AND SPARK IGNITION ENGINES Key Differences Between Injection and Spark Ignition Engine Type of Ignition Fuel Supply Efficiency Fuel Use

6. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 2-STROKE AND 4-STROKE ENGINES Internal combustion engines convert the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy. This transformation occurs in the engine's duty cycle, which can be completed in either two-stroke or four-stroke. Both types of engines have applications in various areas, such as vehicles, tools and machinery, and although they share the same internal combustion principle, their operation and efficiency differ considerably.

7. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 2-STROKE AND 4-STROKE ENGINES 2-STROKE ENGINES Intake and Compression: As the piston moves up the cylinder, it compresses the fuel-air mixture that has previously entered the crankcase. At the same time, the piston covers the exhaust port, sealing the combustion chamber. Combustion and Exhaust: When the piston reaches top dead center (TDC), combustion occurs due to the spark from the spark plug. The expansion of the resulting gases pushes the piston downward. During this phase, when the piston descends, it uncovers the exhaust port, allowing the burned gases to exit the cylinder, and simultaneously introduces the new fuel-air mixture.

8. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 2-STROKE AND 4-STROKE ENGINES 4-STROKE ENGINES 4-stroke engines require four piston strokes to complete one work cycle, which is equivalent to two crankshaft revolutions. Unlike 2-stroke engines, the intake, compression, combustion and exhaust phases are clearly separated, which improves the efficiency and control of the combustion process .

9. Combustion chamber function: Combustion efficiency: A well-designed combustion chamber ensures that the fuel-air mixture is uniform and burns completely, maximizing engine efficiency and reducing fuel waste. Power: The shape of the chamber influences the amount of power generated per explosion inside the engine. More compact and optimized chambers can increase the pressure inside the cylinder, which translates into more power. Emissions: Proper design minimizes the production of pollutant emissions by promoting more complete combustion and preventing the generation of unwanted gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) or nitrogen oxides (NOx). INFLUENCE OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

10. Advances in spark ignition technology: Electronic ignition (ECU): The development of electronic ignition has replaced conventional mechanical systems with electronically controlled systems. Multiple spark ignition: In conventional systems, each cylinder receives a single spark for combustion. Distributor ignition (DIS): This system eliminates the use of a mechanical distributor, using one ignition coil for each cylinder or groups of cylinders. This type of ignition is more reliable and durable, and allows more precise ignition control for each individual cylinder. Plasma spark ignition: Under development, this technology uses a plasma discharge to create a much more powerful spark than conventional spark plugs. ADVANCES IN SPARK AND INJECTION IGNITION TECHNOLOGIES

11. Advances in fuel injection technology: Electronic fuel injection (EFI): Electronic fuel injection systems use an ECU to control the exact amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber. Gasoline direct injection (GDI): In gasoline direct injection engines, fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber at high pressure, instead of being premixed with air in the intake manifold. Direct injection and turbocharging (TDI, Ecoboost): The combination of direct injection with turbocharging has been one of the most significant advances in internal combustion engines. Turbocharged engines with direct injection can produce more power with smaller engines (downsizing), which improves fuel efficiency without sacrificing performance. Common rail systems (diesel): Diesel engines have seen significant improvements with the introduction of the common rail injection system, which allows very high pressure fuel injection into each cylinder. ADVANCES IN SPARK AND INJECTION IGNITION TECHNOLOGIES

12. CONCLUSIONS Internal combustion engine design is a dynamic field that combines principles of thermodynamics, mechanics and advanced technology to drive a variety of industrial and transportation applications. It is essential to consider the environmental impact when designing and improving these energy systems. Advances in spark ignition and fuel injection technologies have enabled more efficient engines, with better combustion, lower fuel consumption and a significant reduction in pollutant emissions.

13. REFERENC E S José, R. D. A. A., & Marta, M. D. (2015).  Motores de combustión interna . Editorial UNED. Gilardi, J. (1985).  Motores de combustión interna  (Vol. 33). Agroamerica. Desantes, J. M., & GONZÁLEZ, F. P. (2011). Motores de combustión interna alternativos.  Universidad Politécnica de Valencia . Rodríguez, R. P., Sierens , R., Verhelst , S., & Frontela , N. F. (2008). Evaluación del funcionamiento de motores de combustión interna trabajando con biodiesel.  Ingeniería Mecánica ,  11 (3), 33-38.

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