Presentasi diagnosanoral tiga diskusi kelompok dua

Definisi asd, diagnosa criteria, manifestasi

1. PPT DK 2 OD 3 drg Nevy

2. The term "autism" was first coined by Eugene Bleuler in 1913 to describe a feature exhibited by individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Initially, clinicians and researchers believed that autism, as later described by Leo Kanner , was a childhood form of schizophrenia. Kanner's definition of autism referred to a disorder where individuals failed to develop relationships with others from the beginning Bleuler's usage of the term "autism" described it as a symptom of schizophrenia, specifically social withdrawal, rather than a separate disorder

3. DSM-III. In 1980 DSM-III-R. Revisions made in the DSM-III-R (APA, 1987) DSM-IV. The DSM-IV (APA, 1994) included the five spectrum disorders that are currently recognized: AD, AS, Rett’s Disorders, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), and PDD-NOS DSM-IV-TR. No noteworthy revisions were made to the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) DSM-5. The DSM-5 is set to be published in 2013 (APA, 2011)

4. Autism spectrum disorder Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers any one of a group of disorders with an onset typically occurring during the preschool years and characterized by difficulties with social communication and social interactionalong with restricted and repetitive patterns in behaviors, interests, and activities (APA, 2014)

5. Classification of ASD 1. Level 1 2. Level 2 3. Level 3 Other type of ASD 1. Asperger’s syndrome 2. Pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) 3. Autistic disorder 4. Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)

6. Characteristics of Level 1 Referred to as 'requiring support.'Individuals may need help with inferring social cues.Fluent conversationalists who struggle with nuanced social interactions

7. Characteristics of Level 1

8. Characteristics of Level 2 Referred to as 'requiring substantial support.'Individuals experience more significant challenges in social communication.May need regular coaching to navigate social situations.

9. Characteristics of Level 3 Referred to as 'requiring very substantial support.'Individuals may be nonspeaking or highly sensitive to sensory input.Communication often occurs through emotional and behavioral expressions.

10. Associated Features Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder also have intellectual and/or languageimpairment (e.g., slow to talk, language comprehension behind production). Even those with average or high intelligence usually have an uneven profile of abilities. The gap between intelle ctual and adaptive functional skills is often large e.g. have difficulty seeing the world from another person’s

11. Motor deficits are often present, including odd gait, clumsiness, and other abnormal motor signs (e.g., walking on tiptoes). Self-injury (e.g., head banging, biting the wrist) may occur, and disruptive/challenging behaviors are more common in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder than other disorders,

12. Asperger’s syndrome Asperger’s syndrome (AS) or “Aspie” in relation to autism. People diagnosed with AS have autistic traits, plus two defining characteristics: typical language development average to above-average intelligence

13. PDD-NOS (Pervasive developmental disorder) People diagnosed with PDD-NOS have significant impairments in communication and noticeable repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. They may also experience a delay in language development or live with an intellectual disability. However, symptoms aren’t severe enough or don’t appear early enough in life, to meet the criteria for what was previously known as autistic disorder.

14. Autistic disorder People diagnosed with autistic disorder have similar symptoms as those with PDD-NOS but these symptoms are more pronounced.

15. Childhood disintegrative disorder According to a 2017 study, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is a rare form of autism characterized by developmental regression resulting in severe autism with intellectual disability. Although more research is needed, the study found evidence of neurobiological differences between people with CDD and other forms of autism.

16. Rett syndrome Rett syndrome results in some autistic-like traits and was previously included in the PDD category. However, researchers have since discovered that Rett syndrome results from a genetic mutation, so they no longer considered it a type of autism