Presentasi Semantik untuk Mata Kuliah SEMANTIK

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1. Group 1 Rombel 4 Sarah Fitriana Kartika S Leily Widyaningrum Billy Adi INTRODUCTION TO SEMANTICS

2. the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning, and, since meaning is a part of language, semantics is a part of linguistics. SEMANTICS

3. Semantics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the study of meaning, changes in meaning, and the principles that govern the relationship between sentences or words and their meanings. It is the study of the relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent. What is semantics?

4. A red light means stop - “indicates” Happiness means everything = “has importance” His look was full of meaning = “special import” Does life have a meaning? - “purpose” From this explanation, we can conclude that meaning depends on the context in which the word is used. The meaning also depends on the speaker and hearer. Consider the following conversation examples. What MEANING is

5. Conversation 1 Dian: Can I borrow some money? Rita: Again? Conversation 2 Rudi: Hey, our school won the basketball competition, last night. Kevin: Again? Example

6. A sign is the smallest unit of meaning. Anything that can be used to communicate . Signs take the form of words, images, smells, flavors, acts or objects, but such things have no intrinsic meaning They become only signs when we invest them with meaning. SIGN

7. Example

8. A symbol is something which we use to represent another thing - it might be a picture, a spoken or written word - anything we use conventionally for the purpose. The thing that the symbol identifies is the referent. SYMBOLS

9. Example

10. Some important areas of semantic theory or related subjects include these: Symbol and referent Conceptions of meaning Words and lexemes Denotation, connotation, implication Pragmatics Ambiguity Metaphor, simile and symbol Semantic fields

11. Synonym, antonym and hyponym Collocation, fixed expression and idiom Semantic change and etymology Polysemy Homonymy, homophones and homographs Lexicology and lexicography Thesauruses, libraries and Web portals Epistemology Colour

12. This refers to the definition given in the dictionary. It is widely assumed to be the central factor in linguistic communication and is integral to the essential functioning of language. For example, man can be defined by the contrastive features [+Human], [+Male], [+Adult], as distinct from girl, which can be defined as [+Human], [-Male], [-Adult]. Conceptual meaning

13. The reflected meaning and collocative meaning, affective and social meaning have the same open-ended, variable character, and lend themselves to analysis in terms of scales or ranges. Associative meaning

14. The communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. The ideas or feelings that a word creates Example: Home : living, comfortable House : the actual building or structure Residence : cold, no feeling Dwelling : primitive or basic surroundings Connotative

15. Social Meaning  The meaning conveyed by the piece of language about the social context of its use is called the social meaning.  The decoding of a text is dependent on our knowledge of stylistics and other variations of language.  We recognize some words or pronunciation as being dialectical i.e. as telling us something about the regional or social origin of the speaker.  Social meaning is related to the situation in which an utterance is used.

16. Reflecting the personal feelings of the speaker, including his attitude to the listener, or his attitude to something he is talking about . Affective meaning

17. Reflected Meaning  Reflected meaning arises when a word has more than one conceptual meaning or multiple conceptual meaning .

18. The associations a word acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment. pretty: girl, boy, woman, flower, garden, colour , village, etc. handsome: boy, man, car, vessel, overcoat, airliner, typewriter, etc. Collocative meaning

19. It refers to what is communicated by the way in which a speaker or a writer organizes the message in terms of ordering focus and emphasis. ( 1) The young man donated the book voluntarily. (2) The book was donated by a young man voluntarily. Thematic meaning

20. A Critical Disourse Analysis of Figurative Language in Pakistani English Newspapers. Journal Article related to the topic