Presentation (1) (4) Group 6.pptx teanesis

Teanesis parasatic infection

1. TEANIASIS Plasma university Group 6 BSN

2. Group pracipation ABDI FATAH ADAM MOXAMED HUSSEIN HASSAN ALI FARXIYO MOXAMED

3. Definition Taeniasis  is an  infection  within the  intestines  by adult  tapeworms  belonging to the genus  Taenia . [2] [3]  There are generally no or only mild symptoms. [2]  Symptoms may occasionally include  weight loss  or  abdominal pain . [1]  Segments of tapeworm may be seen in the stool. [1]  Complications of pork tapeworm may include  cysticercosis . [1]

4. Types that cause teaniasis TEANIA SOLIUM ( Pork tape worm). TEANIA SAGINATA ( Beef tape worm). TEANIA ASIATICA ( Asian tape worm). Taenia saginata is due to eating contaminated undercooked beef while Taenia solium and Taenia asiatica is from contaminated undercooked pork.[2] Diagnosis is by examination of stool samples.[4]

5. Sign and symptoms Solium , T. Saginata or T. Asiatica is usually characterized by mild and non-specific symptoms. Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea or constipation may arise when the tapeworms become fully developed in the intestine, approximately 8 weeks after ingestion of meat containing cysticerci .

6. Transimission Taeniasis is contracted after eating undercooked pork or beef that contain the larvae. The adult worms develop and live in the lumen of the intestine. They acquire nutrients from the intestine. The gravid proglottids , body segments containing fertilised eggs, are released in the faeces

7. Diagnosis Diagnosis of taeniasis is mainly using stool sample, particularly by identifying the eggs. However, this has limitation at the species level because tapeworms basically have similar eggs. Examination of the scolex or the gravid proglottids can resolve the exact species.[16] But body segments are not often available, therefore, laborious histological observation of the uterine branches and PCR detection of ribosomal 5.8S gene are sometimes necessary.[17][18] Ziehl – Neelsen stain is also used for T. Saginata and T. Solium , in most cases only the former will stain, but the method is not entirely reliable.[19] Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is highly sensitive (~2.5 times that of multiplex PCR), without false positives, for differentiating the taenid species from faecal samples

8. Prevention Prevention efforts include properly cooking meat, treating active cases in humans, vaccinating and treating pigs against the disease, stricter meat-inspection standards, health education, improved sanitation, and improved pig raising practices.[1][6]

Preventing human faeces from contaminating pig feeds also plays a role. Infection can be prevented with proper disposal of human faeces around pigs, cooking meat thoroughly and/or freezing the meat at −10 °C for 5 days. For human cysticercosis , contaminated hands are the primary cause, and especially concerning among food handlers.[7]

Proper cooking of meat is an effective prevention. For example, cooking (56 °C for 5 minutes) of beef viscera destroys cysticerci . Refrigeration, freezing (−10 °C for 9 days) or long periods of salting is also lethal to cysticerci

9. Epidemiology The total global infection is estimated to be between 40 and 60 million people.[25] In the US, the incidence of infection is low, but 25% of cattle sold are still infected.[16] Regions
edit Taeniasis is predominantly found in Asia, Africa, Latin America, particularly on farms in which pigs are exposed to human excrement. At a low level though, it occurs everywhere where beef and pork are eaten, even in countries with strict sanitation policies such as the United States. Taenia saginata is relatively common in Africa, some parts of Eastern Europe,[26] the Philippines, and Latin America.[27] It is most prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East.[28] Taenia asiatica is restricted to East Asia, including Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and China.[29][30]

10. Treatment Praziquantel is the treatment of choice.[22] Usual treatments are with praziquantel (5–10 mg/kg, single-administration) or niclosamide (adults and children over 6 years: 2 g, single-administration after a light breakfast, followed after 2 hours by a laxative; children aged 2–6 years: 1 g; children under 2 years: 500 mg).[11] One study showed albendazole is effective against animal beef tapeworm cysticercosis .[23] Mepacrine is quite effective but has adverse effects in humans

11. Thank you