Presentation (16).pptxgjvy7c5hx divinigh

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1. Role of chemical weapons in plant disease development Enzymes and tannins d.kamali Im.sc, botany

2. Introduction: Plants employ chemical weapons to defend against pathogens and pests. Enzymes (e.g., proteases, oxidases) Tannins (polyphenolic compounds)

3. Enzymes as chemical weapons: Proteases (e.g., papain, trypsin) Oxidases (e.g., peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) Functions : Degradation of pathogen proteins Activation of defense signaling pathways

4. Tannins as chemical weapons: Condensed tannins ( e.g., proanthocyanidins) Hydrolyzable tannins ( e.g., gallic acid) Functions : Protein precipitation and inactivation Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

5. Disease development and enzymes: Pathogen enzymes (e.g., cutinases, cellulases) Host enzymes (e.g., PR proteins, lignin-forming enzymes) Interactions : Enzyme-inhibitor complexes Signaling pathways

6. Development of tannins: Tannin-mediated pathogen inhibition Tannin-induced oxidative stress Effects on disease progression

7. Plant pathogen interaction: Recognition and signalling Defense responses (enzymes, tannins) Pathogen countermeasures .

8. Impact on human health: Food safety and security Allergenic and toxic compounds Nutritional effects.

9. Future directions: Elucidating enzyme-tannin interactions Engineering disease-resistant crops Novel pesticide development .

10. Conclusion: Enzymes and tannins play crucial roles in plant defense and disease development.