Presentation (2) mechanical engineering.

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1. INDIAN CONSITUTION topic : Indian judicial system Mechanical Engineering GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JAMNAGAR Name : Malvi Karan Jeet joshi Tushal nakum En . : 236250319134 236250319089 236250319151

2. Hierarchy of courts The Indian judiciary is divided into several levels in order to decentralize and address matters at the grassroots levels. The basic structure is as follows:

3. 1. Supreme Court It is the Apex court of the country and was constituted on 28 th January 1950. It is the highest court of appeal and enjoys both original suits and appeals of High Court judgments. The Supreme Court is comprised of the Chief Justice of India and 25 other judges. Articles 124-147 of the Constitution of India lay down the authority of the Supreme Court

4. 2. High Courts High Courts are the highest judicial body at the State level. Article 214 lays down the authority of High Courts. There are 25 High Courts in India. High Courts exercise civil or criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts in the State are not competent to try the matters. High Courts may even take appeals from lower courts. High Court judges are appointed by the President of India upon consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Chief Justice of the High Court and the Governor of the State.

5. 3. District Courts District Courts are established by the State Governments of India for every district or group of districts based on the caseload and population density. District Courts are under the direct administration of High Courts and are bound by High Court judgments. Every district generally has two kinds of courts A. Civil Courts
b. Criminal Courts
District Courts are presided over by District Judges. Additional District Judges and Assistant District Judges may be appointed based on the caseload. Appeals against District Court judgments lie in the High Court.

6. 4. Lok Adalats These are subordinate courts at the village level which provide a system for alternate dispute resolution in villages.

7. 5. Tribunals The Constitution provides the government with the power to set up special Tribunals for the administration of specific matters such as tax cases, land cases, consumer cases etc.

8. 6. Mobile court Mobile Court is a regular court and will transact all kinds of judicial business. It will also take cognizance of criminal cases on the basis of police reports or criminal complaints. The hearing of the cases will be just like a regular court.
The Mobile Court would be equipped to receive plaints, miscellaneous civil and criminal applications, grant bails or remand accused to custody, receive police reports, private criminal complaints, record evidence, pronounce judgements, execute decrees, pass sentences and commit convicts to prison. It would also deliver certified copies of its orders, judgements and decrees.

9. 7. E – court E-Courts Mission Mode Project
The eCourts Project was conceptualized on the basis of the “National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Indian Judiciary – 2005” submitted by eCommittee , Supreme Court of India with a vision to transform the Indian Judiciary by ICT enablement of Courts. Ecommittee is a body constituted by the Government of India in pursuance of a proposal received from Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India to constitute an eCommittee to assist him in formulating a National policy on computerization of Indian Judiciary and advise on technological communication and management related changes.