Presentation (3).pptx manual therapy . ppt

manual therapy

1. Assessment of respiratory system Presented by : Sumiya Zulfiqar Esha Riasat Tehreem Saba Ramsha Saqib

2. Respiratory assessment: The respiratory assessment is always included in a patients physical exam . Individuals require more extensive data gathering Chronic lung conditions Allergic reactions Trauma Recent surgery etc.

3. Elements of Patient Management :

4. Medical chart review The therapist should focus the review of the medical record by identifying the following significant information: Diagnosis and date of event  Symptoms on admission and after the patient’s admission  Other significant medical problems in the past medical history  Current medications  Risk factors for cardiovascular and pulmonary disease  Relevant social history, including smoking, alcohol and drug use, lifestyle, support mechanisms  Clinical laboratory data  Radiologic studies  Oxygen therapy and other respiratory treatment  Surgical procedures

5. Other therapeutic regimens   Electrocardiogram and telemetry monitoring Pulmonary function tests   Arterial blood gases   Cardiac catheterization data   Other diagnostic tests   Vital signs  • Nutritional intake   Occupational history   Home environment assessment

6. Physical examination Inspection Auscultation Palpation Percussion

7. Inspection : Head & neck Nasal flaring Pursed lip breathing Mouth vs nose breathing Evidence of trauma : deformity ,bruising ,wounds , swelling , burns Tracheal position Tracheal tug. Thorax Symmetry of chest wall movement Accessory muscle use ,recession. Rate , rhythm , pattern of breathing Evidence of trauma , wounds , deformity , scars. AP vs transverse diameter of chest Alignment of spine.

8. Inspection : Extremities : Clubbing Oedema Peripheral cyanosis

9. Auscultation : In normal chest , 4 types of sounds are usually heard . Vesicular : quiet low pitched , longer inspiratory and expiratory phase , heard in most lung fields . Bronchovesicular : medium in pitch , inspiratory and expiratory phase equal in length . Bronchial : higher pitched and louder than vesicular , expiratory is louder than inspiratory phase, heard around 2nd and 3rd intercostal space anteriorly. Tracheal : loud , high pitched , approx. Equal inspiratory and expiratory phase , heard over trachea .

10. {Auscultation} Abnormal breath sounds : CRACKLES : WHEEZES : Continuous musical sounds and persist through respiratory cycle . Caused by air movement through narrowed or partially obstructed airway .e.g. asthma, COPD, bronchitis.

11. {Auscultation} Abnormal breath sounds : RHONCHI : Continuous breath sound , low pitched rumbling noises Indicates presence of secretions in large airways . Conditions include bronchitis . These sounds may clear by coughing . FRICTION RUB : Crackling grating sound heard more often with inspiration than expiration Can be present with pleural effusion , pleurisy , pneumothorax .

12. Palpation : Palpate structures in the neck & thorax to locate abnormalities. Chest : Palpate thorax systematically , comparing left from right . Identify : - areas of bony or soft tissue tenderness , crepitus , depressions, bulges , paradoxical movement & subcutaneous emphysema . -assess respiratory excursion -identify tactile fremitus .

13. Percussion :

14. Diagnostic Tests Pulse Oximetry : Measures oxygen saturation levels in the blood. Spirometry : Evaluates lung function by measuring the volume and flow of air during inhalation and exhalation. Chest X-Ray : Provides visual imaging of the lungs and chest structures to identify abnormalities. CT Scan : Offers a more detailed view of the lungs and can help in diagnosing complex conditions. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) : Assesses blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and blood PH. Sputum Analysis : Examines mucus or phlegm for the presence of pathogens or abnormal cells.

15. Patient education :

16. Functional assessment

17. Thank you