Presentation (8) phytomedicine ppt.pptx presentation on phytomedicine

Phytomedicine ppt.

1. Phytomedicine Presentation Bhagwati College of Pharmacy Presented by:- Ms. Aditi B.Pharma 4 th Year

2. Chapter 1 Basic introduction to Phytomedicine

3. Introduction Herbal medicines also called as phytomedicines are mixtures of plant metabolites that contain pharmacologically active compounds that exhibit some therapeutic properties. Phytomedicines have a massive array of biological activities, and therefore these are practiced worldwide since ancient times. In Phytomedicine , plant medicines are selected to stimulate or strengthen the body’s own functions and immune system, hence support the body to restore itself to health. The phytotherapist approaches each patient as a unique individual in making a diagnosis and assessing his or her needs. Any herbal medicine prescribed may be a combination of plants chosen for the therapeutic actions required to treat that individual,

4. Phytomedicine From Higher Plants Plant based drugs provide outstanding contribution to modern therapeutic. During 1950 to 1970 approximately 100 plants based new drugs were introduced in the USA drug market including deserpidine , reseinnamine , reserpine, vinblastine and vincristine which are derived from higher plants. From 1971 to 1990 new drugs such as ectoposide , E- guggulsterone , teniposide , nabilone , plaunotol , Z- guggulsterone , lectinan , artemisinin and ginkgolides appeared all over the world. 2% of drugs were introduced from 1991 to 1995 including paciltaxel , toptecan , gomishin , irinotecan etc. Plant derived drugs are used to cure mental illness, skin diseases, tuberculosis, diabetes, jaundice, hypertension and cancer. More than 64 plants have been found to possess significant antibacterial properties; and more than 24 plants have been found to possess antidiabetic properties, antimicrobial studies of plants, Plant for antiodotes activity Daboia russellii and Naja kaouthia venom neutralization by lupeol acetate isolated from the root extract of Indian sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus R.br which effectively neutralized Daboia russellii venom induced pathophysiological changes.

5. Role of Phytomedicine In Human Society Plants are used in medicine to maintain and augment health-physically, mentally and spiritually as well as to treat specific conditions and ailments. Phytomedicine includes analysis and characterization of biomolecules, continuously being characterized for further applications. On the background of emerging super infections, new superbugs and strains are resistant to all types of infectious species; natural therapies have raised fresh hopes.

6. Quality Control of Phytomedicines The four types of quality control are process control, control charts, acceptance sampling, and product quality control. Powder fineness and sieve size
Determination of foreign matter
Macroscopic and microscopic
examination
Thin-layer chromatography
Determination of ash
Determination of tannins
Determination of swelling index
Determination of foaming index

7. Phytomedicine Phytotherapy is the use of plants or herbs to manage health conditions. It also refers to substances that come from plants or herbs. Medicinal plants and herbs are a form of complementary medicine. These are therapies that you can receive alongside traditional Western medicine. Phytotherapies have been historically used by people to treat a wide range of acute or chronic health conditions. Phytotherapies may affect your body’s physiology in different ways. Many non-human studies have tried to understand possible mechanisms by which phytotherapies affect people. Some may impact brain chemistry, the immune system and appetite.

8. Medicinal uses for specific herbs Herbal medicine aims to return the body to a state of natural balance so that it can heal itself. Some herbs that are commonly used in herbal medicine, and their traditional uses, include:AEchinacea :- To stimulate the immune system and aid the body in fighting infection. Used to treat ailments such as boils, fever and herpes.
Dong quai (dang gui ):- Used for gynaecological complaints such as premenstrual tension, menopause symptoms and period pain. Some studies indicate that dong quai can lower blood pressure. Garlic:- Used to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering levels of blood fats and cholesterol (a type of blood fat). The antibiotic and antiviral properties of garlic mean that it is also used to fight colds, sinusitis and other respiratory infections.

9. . Ginger:- Many studies have shown ginger to be useful in treating nausea, including motion sickness and morning sickness.
Ginkgo biloba :- Commonly used to treat poor blood circulation and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Ginseng:- Generally used to treat fatigue, for example during recovery from illness. It is also used to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels, however overuse of ginseng has been associated with raised blood pressure. Hypericum perforatum :- Commonly known as St John’s Wort . Studies have suggested that St John’s Wort is just as effective as some pharmaceutical antidepressants in treating mild to moderate depression.

10. Historical Development of Phytomedicine Pharmacognosy is considered the oldest branch of pharmaceutical sciences. It is the study and research of plants and other natural entities as probable drugs/medicines. It is related to drug entities’ physical, biochemical, biological, and chemical characteristics or potential medicines. Pharmacognosy in Ancient Egypt:- Pharmacognosy is the early medicine of Pharaohs around 3000 B.C. Ancient Egyptians were specialists in using plants as medicine for curing various ailments and diseases. The first-ever medical prescription, the hieratic papyri, was discovered in the Egyptian tombs. Pharmacognosy in the Mesopotamian Period:- Marduk Happaliden , the Babylonian king, built an entire garden for medicinal plants in 772 B.C. This garden included apples, pomegranate, oranges, onion, garlic, saffron, liquorice, thyme, and coriander.

11. . Pharmacognosy in Indian Medicine:- The objective of ancient Indian medicine was to extend the human lifespan. Indian doctors had secret knowledge of vegetable medicines. They believe that fresh plants are most effective against diseases. Pharmacognosy in Chinese Medicine:- Chinese medicine is well known all over the world. Pen Ts’ao Kang Mao was published in the year 1597. It can be considered a pharmacopoeia.

12. Benefits of herbal medicine More affordable Improved immune functions Better digestive health Reduced stress and anxiety Balanced hormones Natural pain management

13. Disadvantages of Phytomedicine Inconsistency Having some potential risks Contamination Herbal medicine is an important healing modality

14. Special considerations for herbal medicine Herbal medicines can be mistakenly thought to be completely safe because they are ‘natural’ products. This is not always correct. Herbal medicines may produce negative effects that can range from mild to severe, including:- Allergic reactions and rashes Asthma Headaches Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea

15. . Always tell your herbal medicine practitioner:- Which over-the-counter, herbal medicines, complementary medicines and prescription medications you are taking
Any allergic reactions you have experienced If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Be aware herbal medicine can interact with other medications

16. Herbal preparations Herbal teas, or tisanes, are the resultant liquid of extracting herbs into water, though they are made in a few different ways. Infusions are hot water extracts of herbs, such as chamomile or mint, through steeping. Decoctions are the long-term boiled extracts, usually of harder substances like roots or bark. Maceration is the cold infusion of plants with high mucilagecontent , such as sage or thyme. To make macerates, plants are chopped and added to cold water. They are then left to stand for 7 to 12 hours (depending on herb used). For most macerates, 10 hours is used.

17. Tinctures are alcoholic extracts of herbs, which are generally stronger than herbal teas. Tinctures are usually obtained by combining pure ethanol (or a mixture of pure ethanol with water) with the herb.

18. Chapter 2 Cardamom powder

19. Introduction World’s 3 rd most expensive spice and known as ‘Queen of Spices’
First introduced in Guatemala by Oscar Majus Kloeffer .
It is now biggest producer and exporter followed by India.
Cineole and _a- terpenyl acetate is index of aroma flavour in cardamom. Indigenous –southern stretch of evergreen forest of western Ghats
In India –cultivation takes place mostly in Kerala(60%), Karnataka(32%) and Tamilnadu (8%).
Total area under cardamom in India is estimated to be approximately 69000 ha.
Green cardamom – highest quality found

20. . Common Name:- Cardamom
Scientific name:- Eletarria cardamomum Family:- Zingiberaceae Kingdom:- Plantae
Order:- zingiberales Genera:- Elettaria Amomum

21. History Cardamom, first used around the eighth century, and is a native of India.
The origin of cardamom is believed to be in the rain forests of the Western Ghats (Malabar coast) in South India. Taitreya Samhita, which belongs to the later Vedic period (3000 BC), mentioned use of cardamom on the occasion of a marriage ceremony,
The ancient Indian Ayurvedic texts, Charaka Samhita and Susrutha Samhita, (1400 – 600 BC) mentioned cardamom on many occasions.

22. . The ancient Egyptians chewed cardamoms to whiten their teeth and at the same time to sweeten their breath. Cardamom grew in the gardens of the King of Babylon in 720 B.C.

23. Chemical Composition of Cardamom Dried fruit of cardamom contains steamvolatile oil, fixed (fatty) oil, pigments, proteins, cellulose, pentosans , sugars, starch, silica, calcium oxalate and minerals. The major constituent of the seed is starch (up to 50 per cent) while in the fruit husk it is crude fiber (up to 31 per cent). Volatile oil is the most functionally important constituent of cardamom. The volatile oil content of seeds varies from 6.5 to 10.5% for the two types of cardamom (Malabar and Mysore) grown in India.

24. . Cardamom contains 2.8–6.2% volatile oil, 10% protein, 1–10% fixed oil and up to 50% starch. The aroma and flavor of cardamom are obtained from the essential oils which is composed of mainly α- terpinyl acetate (20– 55%) and 1,8-cineole (20–60%) which are responsible for specific flavor to the cardamom. The physical and chemical quality of cardamom. The essential oil in the seeds contain α terpineol 45%, myrcene 27%, limonene 8%, menthone 6%, ßphellandrene 3%, 1,8-cineol 2%, sabinene 2% and heptane 2%. Compositions of oils vary, depending on types, (e.g., Mysore and Malabar).

25. Medicinal Properties Anti-microbial and Anti-cancer Activity Anti-Inflammatory Activity Anti- ulcerogenic Activity Skin-penetration Enhancing Activity Gastroprotective Activity Gastroprotective Activity Oral Health Stimulant

26. Making cardamom powder Take 15g green cardamom Add it to utensile Put the utensile on low flame and roast the cardamom for 5 minutes till the outer cover has golden spots here.
Cool down the cardamom Transfer the cardamom in a mixer jar Grind to a fine powder Store into a airtight container

27. . Thank You