Presentation about intestinal taneasis microbiology

Intestinal taneasis

1. INTESTINAL TAENIASIS

2. •Two important pathogenic
species are T. saginata and T.
solium. They cause two types of
manifestations in humans
•Intestinal taeniasis—caused by
both T. saginata and T. Solium
• Cysticercosis—
causedbyonlyT.solium

3. Morphology
•Adult worm: comprises of head or scolex, neck and a body divided into
several proglottids
• The scolex bears four cup like muscular sucker which helps in attachment
• In T. solium, the scolex has a beak like apical protrusion called as rostellum.
The rostellum is armed with two rows of hooklets (hence called armed
tapeworm)

4. •Eggs contain embryo or oncosphere which contain three pair of hooklets,
surrounded by an embryophore
•Larvae: Cysticercus is the larval stage of Taenia. It contains a muscular organ
with bladder like sac. It is called as:
• Cysticercus bovis in T. saginata
• Cysticercus cellulosae in T. solium.

5. Life Cycle (Intestinal taeniasis)
•Life cycle of Taenia passes
through two hosts . Man is the
definitive host; whereas the
intermediate host is cattle for T.
saginata (hence called beef
tapeworm) and pigs for T. solium
(hence called pork tapeworm).

6. Epidemiology
•T. saginata infection is common in cattle breeding areas of the world. The
areas with the highest prevalence (up to 27%) include Central Asia, Central
and East Africa.
•T. solium intestinal infection is endemic in Mexico, Central America, South
America, Africa, Southeast Asia, India, Philippines, and Southern Europe.
However, it is less frequently reported from the Muslim countries (as pork
eating is not allowed).

7. Clinical manifestations
•Majority of cases are asymptomatic; patients may become aware of infection
by noticing the passage of proglottids in their feces.
• Common symptoms include mild abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite
and change in the bowel habit
• Perianal discomfort may be felt (when proglottids are discharged).

8. Laboratory diagnosis
Stool examination
•Wet mount examination of stool is carried out to demonstrate the
characteristic eggs and less often proglottids of Taenia species.
•Eggs of T. saginata and T. solium are morphologically similar except that eggs
of T. saginata are acid fast
•Proglottids of T. saginata and T. solium can be differentiated by lateral
branches in uterus, accessory lobe in ovary, vaginal sphincter and expulsion
of segments (singly or in chain)
•Scolex can be detected in feces very rarely. T. solium scolex is armed with
rostellum and hooklets.

9. Taenia Specific Antigen Detection in Stool
•ELISA has been developed to detect Taenia specific antigen (coproantigen)
in stool by using polyclonal Taenia antibodies.
• Molecular Methods
•PCR targeting mitochondrial DNA followed by sequencing is available;
which can distinguish between Taenia species.

10. Treatment
•Praziquantel (drug of choice): Single dose of (10 mg/kg) is highly effective
• Prevention
•Intestinal taeniasis can be prevented by:
• Adequate cooking of beef or pork viscera
• Salting and pickling are not effective.
• Effective fecal disposal to prevent infection to cattle and pigs.