Presentation geothermal energy.pptx ENGR.KALEEMKHAN

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1. BSc Chemical Engineering Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College University Faisalabad Subject : Power Generation Technology Submitted to: Engr. Ma’am Sana Jamal Presented by: 3th group Group member : 62022,62023,62024,62025,62026,62027,62029,62030 Semester: 6th semester 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 1

2. What is Geothermal energy : 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 2

3. What is Geothermal energy : The word Geothermal comes from the Greek word geo means (Earth ) and thermal means (heat). Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth . A renewable energy source for generation of electricity It’s source lies 6,500km beneath the Earth’s surface, Core containing hot magma Surrounding the core is the mantle, and outer layer is the crust. The crust is not a solid shell but is broken into pieces called plates, Magma comes close to Earth’s surface near the edges of these plates. Rocks and water beneath the surface around these region absorbs heat of this magma. We can dig wells and can use this heat for various purposes Definition : It is the heat energy stored in the earth, generated by natural sources and used in various process. 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 3

4. Different Geothermal Resources : Hot water Reservoirs Natural Steam reservoirs Geo –pressured Reservoirs Uses : Direct use Indirect use 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 4

5. Direct use: Heat is directly used. Heat is extracted from low temperature source, <150 degree Celsius It can be used for space heating, industrial processes, drying crops, hot water supply, melting snow. For space heating, Heat Pump is used Indirect use: electricity production Source temperature is higher than 150 degrees Celsius. Deep wells are drilled and steam from reservoir is used to drive turbines and produce electricity. 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 5

6. How it works : Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under high pressure. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which causes the water to turn into steam. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again . 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 6

7. Types of power plants : Dry Steam Power Plants Flash Steam Power Plants Binary cycle power plants Dry Steam Power Plants : Dry steam plants are the simplest and oldest design. They directly use geothermal steam of 150°C or greater to turn turbines. The Dry Steam technology allows for the steam from a geothermal production well to be fed directly to a steam turbine without a secondary heat exchanger. The turbine then coverts the change in steam pressure to mechanical rotational energy, which is converted to electrical energy by a generator . 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 7

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9. Flash Steam Power Plants : The boiling point of a fluid increases as its pressure is increased . Superheated water is liquid water under pressure at a temperature higher than the normal boiling point of 100 ° C. When the pressure is reduced the water flashes to steam . Superheated water pumped from the ground at temperatures of 175 °C or more. It can be flashed to steam in a separator or flash tank to drive a turbine directly. Surplus water from the flash plant is reinjected into the ground. This is the most common type of plant in operation today . 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 9

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11. Binary cycle power plants : Binary cycle power plants are the most recent development, and can accept fluid temperatures as low as 57°C . The moderately hot geothermal water is passed by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water . This causes the secondary fluid to flash vaporize, which then drives the turbines . This is the most common type of geothermal electricity plant being constructed today . Both Organic Rankine and Kalina cycles are used . The thermal efficiency of this type plant is typically about 10–13% . 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 11

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13. Advantage : Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. The power stations do not take up much room, so there is not much impact on the environment . No fuel is needed. Once you've built a geothermal power station, the energy is almost free . It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this can be taken from the energy being generated . Disadvantage: The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of .   Finding a suitable build location exploration stage can be extremely capital intensive and of high-risk . 5/19/2019 Power Generation Technology-CET,GCUF 13