Presentation Instrumentation and Quality Control.pptx

Presentation Instrumentation and Quality Control

1. MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR DEPARMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. Group No 13 Name Roll No Ahsan Farooq FA20-BME-005 Ali Munir FA20-BME-006 Khawaja Basharat Maqbool FA20-BME-016

3. Errors in Measurements

4. Introduction Definition of Measurement Importance of Accurate Measurements Errors in Measurement

5. Types of Errors Systematic Errors Random Errors Gross errors

6. Systematic Errors Result from consistent flaws in the measurement system. Can be caused by equipment calibration, faulty procedure adopted by person making measurement, or environmental factors. Often lead to inaccuracies in all measurements taken using the flawed system .

7. Systematic Errors Example: If a balance scale consistently shows a reading even when nothing is placed on it, there's a systematic error.

8. Systematic Errors Example: If an apparatus is out of calibration, all measurements taken with it will have a systematic error.

9. Systematic Errors Reduction of Systematic Errors: Ensure that all measurement instruments are properly calibrated and standardized . Keep your measurement instruments well-maintained and in good working condition. Ensure that instruments have been zeroed properly before making measurements.

10. Random Errors Due to unpredictable variations in measurement conditions. Caused by factors like noise, fluctuations in environmental conditions, and human limitations. Affect the precision of measurements rather than their accuracy.

11. Random Errors Example: When measuring the weight of an object using a balance scale, random air currents in the environment can cause the object to sway slightly, leading to fluctuations in the measured weight .

12. Random Errors Example: When weighing yourself on a scale, you position yourself slightly differently each time.

13. Random Errors Causes of Random Errors: External noise sources (electromagnetic interference, vibration, etc.). Imperfections in the measurement instrument. Variability in the phenomenon being measured . Reduction of Random Errors : Repeated measurements and calculating averages. Statistical analysis to quantify the uncertainty. Proper shielding and isolation of measurement setups

14. Gross errors These errors are caused by mistake in using instruments, recording data and calculating results. Cause by human mistakes in reading/using instruments. May also occur due to incorrect adjustment of the instrument and the computational mistakes. Cannot be treated mathematically. Cannot eliminate but can minimize.

15. Gross errors Examples: M isreading the position of a pointer on a scale can lead to a gross measurement error . For instance, writing 4mm instead of 40mm.

16. Gross errors Examples: Miswriting or mistyping a numerical value, decimal point, or unit can result in substantial measurement discrepancies . For instance , a person may read a pressure gauge indicating 1.01 Pa as 10.1 Pa.

17. Gross errors Reduction of Gross Errors : Ensure that the measurement procedures and techniques are correct and aligned with the standard methods. Proper care should be taken in reading, recording the data. By increasing the number of experimenters, we can reduce the gross errors.

18. References TYPES OF ERROR Types of static error Gross error/human error published by Jonah Parrish https://slideplayer.com/slide/13549419/ What are gross errors? Explain with its cause. - BYJU'S: https ://byjus.com/question-answer/what-are-gross-errors-explain-with-its-cause /

19. Thanks