Presentation$ NAPCON echo basics and views

Presentation by Dr Ambatkar

1. BASIC NORMAL ECHO VIEWS

2. Echocardiographic Windows Parasternal , Apical Subcostal , Suprasternal Right parasternal

3. Three imaging planes of the body

4. Three imaging planes of the heart

5. SUBCOSTAL WINDOW : CORONAL SWEEPS : SAGITAL SWEEPS The SUBCOSTAL CORONAL sweeps : The posterior coronary sinus view The standard four-chamber view The anterior LVOT view The extremely anterior RVOT view

6. The SUBCOSTAL CORONAL sweeps

7. The SUBCOASTAL SAGITAL sweeps : The rightward systemic venous return view( Bicaval view ) The slightly leftward LVOT view The leftward RVOT view The extremely leftward ventricular view

8. THE APICAL SWEEPS : The standard apical four-chamber view The anterior five-chamber view The posterior coronary sinus view

9. PARASTERNAL WINDOW : Parasternal Long axis view : Parasternal Short Axis view The PARASTERNAL LONF AXIS SWEEPS: The rightward tricuspid valve view The standard long-axis plane The leftward pulmonary valve view

10. THE PARSTERNAL SHORT AXIS SWEEPS : The superior basal view The standard plane at the level of the mitral valve The inferior papillary muscle view (3

11. THE SUPRASTERNAL LONG AXIS SWEEPS : The standard aortic arch view The rightward superior vena caval view (not shown) The leftward left pulmonary artery view

12. The suprasternal short-axis sweeps: The very anterosuperior strap vessels view The anterosuperior vena cava and innominate vein view The standard right pulmonary artery and left atrial view , The posterior descending aorta view (not shown).

13. WE FOLLOW SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS APPROACH ABDOMINAL SITUS CARDIAC POSITION SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY VEINS CONNECTION IDENTIFICATION OF ATRIA INTERATRIAL SEPTUM

14. ATRIO-VENTRICULAR CONNECTION INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM ASSESMENT OF CARDIAC CHAMBERS ASSESMENT OF VLAVES (ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL ) VENTRICULO-ARTERIAL CONNECTION ANY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN GREAT ARTERIES AORTIC ARCH ASSESMENT

15. DURING SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS WE SEE FOR ANY STRUCTURAL DEFECT PRESSURE GRADIENT : ACROSS VALVES ( MS, AS, PS PA pressure ) BETWEEN CHAMBERS ( VSD Gradient ) BETWEEN GREAT ARTERIS ( PDA Gradient ) CARDIAC CHAMBER FUNCTION

16. LV Function measured by ; FS EF Systolic Time interval

17. FS: FS= Dd - Ds/ Dd x 100 This is a reliable and reproducible index of LV function, provided there is no regional wall-motion abnormality and there is concentric contractility of the LV. If the interventricular septal motion is flat or paradoxical, the shortening fraction will not accurately reflect ventricular ejection. Mean normal value is 36%, with 95% prediction limits of 28% to 44%.

18. Ejection Fraction Ejection fraction is related to the change in volume of the LV with cardiac contraction. EF: LVIDd - LVIDs/ LVIDd x 100 Normal mean ejection fraction is 66% with a range of 56% to 78%.

19. THANK YOU