Presentation of BIP program about composite materials

Presentation of a blended intensive program, theme is concrete composite material creation, presentation includes overview of material selection, lab work, results and conclusions

1. BLENDED INTENSIVE PROGRAM (BIP) SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS TIMISOARA 2024 RESEARCH REPORT

2. TEAM 4 Miruna Popescu Andrei Pasca Diana Isabel Gomes Baptista Lukas Čeglys Samuel Alexandro Silitonga Alshoufi Kinda Sonja Stanković Vladan Nedelkovski Prof Catalin Badea Prof Remus Chende ș Students: Mentors/Supervisors:

3. 25 billion tonnes concrete per year > 900 mi l lion tonnes concrete waste per year 510 mi l lion tonnes in Europe 317 mil l ion tonnes in USA 77 mi l lion tonnes in Japan Problems: D epletion of natural resources Limited landfill sites Emission of CO 2 Rec y cling ? INTRODUCTION

4. CONCRETE R EC Y CLING Recycling waste cementitious materials can be a sustainable way if the recycled cement can produce similar physical properties as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) . R ecycled coarse aggregate (RCA), recycled fine aggregate (RFA) and recycled powder (RP) can be obtained. A substitute for natural aggregate (NA) and cement in concrete. This recycled concrete is later crushed and recycled repeatedly as RCA, RFA , and RP, which is used as the main raw material for recycled concrete. By repeating this process, concrete waste can be completely recycled without landfilling. Fig. 1. Closed-loop recycling of construction and demolition waste for concrete. Kim, J.; Jang, H. Closed-Loop Recycling of C&D Waste: Mechanical Properties of Concrete with the Repeatedly Recycled C&D Powder as Partial Cement Replacement. J. Clean. Prod. 2022, 343 (December 2021), 130977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130977.

5. EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION T he inclusion of recycled concrete in new sustainable building materials can lead to a change in mechanical and physical properties. In this report, the effects of the volume fraction of recycled concrete on the mechanical properties are presented and discussed.

6. EXPERIMENTAL PART - RECIPE Ingredients Samples (4 x 4 x 16 cm) Ingredients R1 R2 Binder Portland cement CEM II / A-LL42.5R 450 g 450 g Aggregate Sand 0/4 mm 1080 g (80%) 810 g (60%) Recycled concrete 270 g (20%) 540 g (40%) Liquid Water 335 ml 345 ml

7. EXPERIMENTAL PART – MOLDING 3 molds 4x4x16cm Extender + Mold Video : Concrete pouring

8. EXPERIMENTAL PART – COMPACTING Video : Compacting Concrete (60 Hits) Leveling Concrete Finishing Concrete

9. EXPERIMENTAL PART – CURED SAMPLES Sample 1 : 20% Recycled Concrete Sample 2 : 40% Recycled Concrete

10. EXPERIMENTAL PART - TESTING Hydraulic Test Machine - Bending Tensile Strength Test Video of testing sample

11. EXPERIMENTAL PART - TESTING 2 nd Sample of 40% Recycled Concrete 1 st Sample of 20% Recycled Concrete Example

12. EXPERIMENTAL PART - TESTING Hydraulic Test Machine - Compressive Strength Test Video of testing sample Post-test sample

13. Apparent density: Tensile strength: Compression strength:   FORMULAS

14. CONCLUSION 20% Concrete with RA More river aggregate => less pores River aggregate has a certatin compression strength Less water for the same workability => no need for additives Stronger bonds 40% Concrete with RA More micro-cracks in the aggregate Recycled aggregates as a lower compression strength than river aggregate Needs plastifiant additive for workability

15. Following our experiment and other sources, the optimal amount of recycled aggregate is 20-25% Pallewatta, S.; Weerasooriyagedara, M.; Bordoloi, S.; Sarmah, A. K.; Vithanage, M. Reprocessed Construction and Demolition Waste as an Adsorbent: An Appraisal. Sci. Total Environ. 2023, 882 (April), 163340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163340.

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