Presentation of Data spring proba24.pptx

this presentation is from course probability and statistics

1. https://firstsiteguide.com/online-business-stats/

2. A growing internet population. As of April 2022, the internet reaches 63% of the world’s population, representing roughly 5 billion. Of this total, 4.65 billion — over 93% — were social media users. According to Statista, the total amount of data predicted to be created, captured, copied and consumed globally in 2022 is 97 zettabytes, a number projected to grow to 181 zettabytes by 2025.

3. Statistics is the science of data collection, compilation , Tabulation And analyze numerical data to make inferences

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5. The biggest engine in the world is as tall as a four- storey building

6. Configuration Turbocharged   two-stroke   diesel   straight engine , 6 to 14  cylinders Bore 960  mm  (38  in ) Stroke 2,500  mm  (8.2  ft ) Displacement 1,828.7 litres (111,597 CI) per  cylinder Engine speed 15–102  RPM [3] Mean effective pressure 1.96  MPa  @ full load, 1.37 MPa @ maximum efficiency (85% load) Mean piston speed 8.5  meters per second Brake specific fuel consumption 171  g /( kW·h ) [3] [a] Power Up to 5,720  kW  per cylinder, 34,320–80,080  kW  (46,020–107,390  bhp ) total Torque Up to 7,603,850  N⋅m  (5,608,310  lbf⋅ft ) @ 102 rpm Power density 29.6–34.8 kW (39.7–46.7 bhp) per  tonne , 2,300 tonnes for the 14-cylinder version Mass of fuel injected per cylinder per cycle ~160  g  (5.6  oz ) @ full load(Whole engine uses up to 250 tons of fuel per day.) Crankshaft  weight 300 t (660,000 lb) [1] Piston weight 5.5  t  (12,000  lb ) Piston height 6 m (20 ft)

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8. 14 Variable

9. 15 1. Variable (mathematics) , A symbol that represents a quantity in a mathematical expression, as used in many sciences

10. 16 A symbolic name associated with a value and whose associated value may be changed. 2. Variable (computer Science)

11. 17 A logical set of attributes ( individuals can be distinguished ) 3. Variable ( Research)

12. 4. A variable is a symbol (e.g., x, Y, or σ) that represents any of a specified set of values. 18

13. 19 It is that factor whose values changes from time to time, place to place and individual to individual. 5. Variable in Statistics

14. 20 Way of talking Way of talking to mother

15. 21 Way of talking to Father

16. 22 Way of talking to Friends

17. 23 Way of talking to yourself

18. 24 Analysis of Face Structure Example 2

19. 25 Example 3

20. 26 Fingers Print Example 4

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22. 28 Fingers Prints Lock

23. 29 Taste

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25. 31 Life Style.

26. 32 5 healthy habits that could add more than a decade to your life not smoking. maintaining a healthy weight. doing at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day. eating a healthy diet high in fruit, vegetables and whole grains, and low in red meat, saturated fats and sugar. Life Style. Maintaining five healthy habits -- eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, keeping a healthy body weight, not drinking too much -----, and not smoking -- during adulthood may add more than a decade to life expectancy, according to a new study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

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30. Types of statistics i . Descriptive statistics Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way

31. Inferential statistics The methods used to determine something about a population on the basis of a sample Population –The entire set of individuals or objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all individuals or objects of interest Sample – A portion, or part, of the population of interest

32. Presentation of Data ost of Production of Commodities  

33. Method by which organize , summarize and communicate information using a verity of tools such as a tables, graphs and diagram Presentation of Data

34. Presentation of Data Tabular presentation Visual Presentation Graphical Presentation Diagrammatical Presentation

35. It is a systematic and logical arrangement of classified data in rows and columns. “Tabulation” Month January February March Number of visitors 150 300 250 The following table shows the number of visitors (700) to a park for the months January to March . Example -1

36. Analysis of Semester Grade Point Average Fall semester examination Fall 2022 Primary Data SGPA No. of Students % Less than 2 54 5.2 2.00 - 2.49 100 9.6 2.50 - 2.99 155 14.9 3.00 - 3.49 250 24.1 > 3.50 320 30.9 = 4 76 7.3 Retest / Make Up Exam 77 7.4 Total 1037 100 Example -2

37. “Tabulation” The variation of temperature in a region during a year is given as follows. Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature -6°C -3.5°C -2.7°C 4°C 6°C 12°C 15°C 8°C 7.9°C 6.4°C 3.1°C -2.5 Example -3 Example -4

38. Graph & Diagrams

39. Presentation of Data Graphs Diagrams Histogram frequency curve Frequency Polygon Ogives Line graph -Bar Diagram - Simple bar diagram - Multiple bar diagram - Component bar diagram - Pie Chart - etc A Graph tells a thousand words Diagram

40. A similar bar chart consists of horizontal or vertical bars of equal widths and lengths proportional to the values they represent. As the basis of comparison is linear or one-dimensional, the widths of these bars have no significance but are taken to make the chart look attractive. The space separating the bars should not exceed the width of the bar and should not be less than half of its width. The bars should neither be exceedingly long and narrow nor short and broad. The vertical bar chart is an effective way for presenting a time series and qualitatively classified data whereas horizontal bars are useful for geographical or spatial distributions. The data when do not relate to time, should be arranged in ascending or descending order before charting. Simple Bar diagram

41. A multiple bar graph is a simple extension of a regular bar graph: It has two or more sets of bars that allow comparison between two or more data sets. All the data sets must have the same categories so that they can be displayed on the same graph . Multiple Bar diagram

42. A multiple bar chart shows two or more characteristics corresponding to the values of a common variable in the form of grouped bars, whose lengths are proportional to the values of the characteristics, and each of which is shaded or colored differently to aid identification. This is a good device for the comparison of two or three kinds or information. For example, imports exports and productions of a country can be compared from year to year by grouping the three bars together.   Multiple Bar diagram

43. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Average-Ship-Waiting-Time-and-Berthing-Time-Based-on-Ship-Size-Classification-The_fig2_333050696

44. A component bar chart is an effective technique in which each bar is divided into two or more sections, proportional in size to the component parts of a total being displayed by each bar. The various component parts shown as sections of the bar, are shaded or coloured differently to increase the overall effectiveness of the diagram. Component bar charts are used to represent the accumulation of the various components of data and the percentages. They are also known as sub-divided bars. Component Bar Diagram

45. A pie-diagram, also known as sector diagram, is a graphic device consisting of a circle divided into sectors or pie-shaped pieces whose areas are proportional to the various parts into which the whole quantity is divided. The sectors are shaded or coloured differently to show the relationship of parts to the whole. It is also used when the basic categories are not quantifiable as with expenditure, classified into food, clothing, fuel and light, etc. the arrangement of the sectors must be made uniform in comparing pie charts. Pie Diagrams .

46.   S I S II S III IV V 1.00 - 1.99 2 1 1 2.00 - 2.49 1 4 1 6 2 2.50 - 2.99 2 3 6 5 3 3.00 - 3.49 8 9 4 3 3 3.50 - 3.99 10 6 5 5 6 4 1 1 5 2 7   22 23 23 22 22

47. Easy and better understanding of the subject • Provides first hand information about data • Helpful in future analysis • Easy for making comparisons • Very attractive Uses of Presentation of Data

48. Draw a circle of any convenient radius. As a circle consists of 360 o , the whole quantity to be displayed is equated to 360. The proportion that each component part or category bears to the whole quantity will be the corresponding proportion of 360 o . These corresponding proportions, i.e. angles, are calculated by the formula   To Construct a Pie Chart.

49. Never be Up set in any sort of Situation..! Always Be “Up” & Set Then See How your Life will be Settled Automatically. Keep Faith in Allah You know “Ups” & “Down” are the Flavour of Life. Just see your heart Beats (ECG) --/\--/\--/\--/\--/\--/\ Ups & Down Show Sign of Life. -------------------------------------------------------------- The day it become Smoother & Straight The Life End..! May Almighty ALLAH Always Give you Success & Happiness in the Life ..! Ameen

50. • Data should be presented in simple form • Arose interest in reader • Should be concise but without losing important details • Facilitate further statistical analysis • Define problem and Should suggest its solution Principles Presentation

51. • Simplifies complex data • Unnecessary details and repetitions of data avoided in tabulation • Facilitates comparison • Gives identity to data • Reveals pattern with in the figures which cannot be seen in the narrative form “Significance of Tabulation”

52. • A number should be assigned to the table ( Table No.) • A title should be given to the table , it should be concise and self explanatory • Contents of the table should be defined clearly • Subtitles should be properly mentioned with columns and rows • Group intervals in columns and rows should neither be too narrow nor too wide. They should also be mutually exclusive • Unit of measurement must be mentioned clearly where ever necessary

53. • Any short forms /symbols , if used should be explained in the footnote • No place should be left in the body of tables • There should be logical arrangement of data in the table

54. They are attractive They give a bird’s eye-view of the data They can be easily understood by common men They facilitate comparison of various characteristics The impression created by them are long lasting Theorems and results of statistics can be visualized using graphs “Advantages ”

55. • To construct a graph, graph paper is generally used whereas a diagram is constructed on a plain paper. • A graph represents mathematical relationship between two variables where as a diagram does not. • Graphs are more appropriate than diagrams to represent frequency distributions and time series. Diagrams are not at all used for representing frequency distributions. “Difference between Graphs and diagrams ”

56. • Diagrams are more attractive to the eyes and as such are better suited for publicity and propaganda. • Diagrams do not add anything to the meaning of the data and hence they are not helpful in analysis of data. • Graphs are very much used by the statisticians and the research workers in their analysis. “Difference between Graphs and Diagrams ”

57. Why is data visualization important? As previously mentioned, we are living in the age of ‘big data’ Data visualization is your map to understanding information and gives you clear directions on where to go next. data visualization has 5 additional benefits:

58. Amplifies your message Your message is amplified in a few different ways. First of all, by taking the time to create data visualizations, you show your audience that you’ve done your homework. That alone gives a sense of credibility to your content. Without visualizations, you run the risk of your audience not understanding what you are trying to present. Your data might even be received as meaningless and your entire message lost.

59. 2. Gives meaning to your data Visualizations communicate valuable insights by creating visual representations of your data. For example, an Excel spreadsheet showing that Microsoft’s sales revenue has almost doubled between 2011 and 2018 isn’t nearly as effective as graphic that data in a simple column with some formatting.

60. Diagrams furnish only approximate information on the problem under study.

61. There are different types of diagrams Simple bar diagram Multiple bar diagram Component bar diagram Pie Chart etc

62. Simple bar diagram A bar chart or bar graph is a way of showing information by the lengths of a set of data. The bars are drawn horizontally or vertically. If the bars are drawn vertically, then the graph can be called a column graph or a block graph .

63. Analysis of result of undergraduate students Fall 2022 Following data is showing semester grade point average SGPA the result of students. Fall semester examination fall 20 represent the data by the help of simple bar diagram and comments on the results . Data

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