Presentation on ASTHMA By ABDUL KHALIQ.pptx

This presentation is based on medical facts

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2. Asthma 2 BY ABDUL KHALIQ (R.N & P.B.S.D IN Cardiac Nursing)

3. Intruduction Asthma: derived from the Greek word “ aazein”meaning sharp breathing Asthma is a lower respiratory tract disease ;it is an pulmonary obstructive disease ; it is also called a as “reactive airway disease 3

4. Definition of Asthma Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms ,reversible air flow obstruction and bronchospasm. 4

5. Causes Occupational sanitizers Parents with asthma Drugs :NASID ,beta-blocker Cold air Atopy Childhood respiratory infections Exposure to allergens or infections while the immune system is developing Animal Smoking Dust 5

6. Pathophysiology of Asthma 1:Bronchospasm 2:Airway inflammation 3:Genetics and Environment 4:Role of Immune system 6

7. Pathophysiology of Asthma Early-Phase Response P eaks 30-60 minutes post exposure, subsides 30-90 minutes later Characterized primarily by bronchospasm Increased mucous secretion, edema formation, and increased amounts of tenacious sputum Patient experiences wheezing, cough, chest tightness, and dyspnea 7

8. Pathophysiology of Asthma late-Phase Response Characterized primarily by inflammation Histamine and other mediators set up a self-sustaining cycle increasing airway reactivity causing hyper responsiveness to allergens and other stimuli Increased airway resistance leads to air trapping in alveoli and hyperinflation of the lungs If airway inflammation is not treated or does not resolve, may lead to irreversible lung damage 8

9. Early and Late Phases of Responses of Asthma 9

10. Triggers of Asthm a PETS EXERCISE POLLEN BUGS IN THE HOME SMOKE POLLUTION COLD AIR DUST FUNGUS SPORES 10

11. Factors Causing Airway Obstruction in Asthma 11 Increased mucus production Airway inflamation Airway Remodeling Bronchoconstriction

12. Types of Asthma According to pathophysiology Extrinsic (Allergic asthma) Occupational allergic ABPA allergic Intrinsic asthma( Non allergic) Exercise – induced Steroid –resistant 12

13. Types of asthma According to severity 13 Very mild Mild Moderate Moderately severe Severe

14. SYMTOMS OF ASTHAMA COMMON SYMPTOMS Difficulty Breathing Wheezing Coughing Chest Tightness Lack of Energy SEVERE SYMPTOMS Blue lips Difficulty speaking Distress from trying to breath 14

15. Diagnosis for Asthma Detailed history and physical exam Pulmonary function tests Peak flow monitoring Chest x-ray ABGs Complete blood count (CBC ) Oximetry Allergy testing Blood levels of eosinophils Sputum culture and sensitivity 15

16. Peak flow measurement Peak Flow Results Green zone Usually 80-100% of personal best Remain on medications Yellow zone Usually 50-80% of personal best Indicates caution Something is triggering asthma Red zone 50% or less of personal best Indicates serious problem Definitive action must be taken with health care provider 16

17. Medial management of Asthma Long-term control medications Achieve and maintain control of persistent asthma Quick-relief medications Treat symptoms of exacerbations 17

18. Cont …. Bronchodilator Anti - inflammatory drug Mast cell stabilizers e.g.montelokast Dry powder inhaler Nebulization Steroids 18

19. Cont.. Bronchodilators -adrenergic agonists (e.g., albuterol, salbutamol( Ventolin ) Acts in minutes, lasts 4 to 8 hours Short-term relief of bronchoconstriction Treatment of choice in acute exacerbations Anti-inflammatory drugs Corticosteroids (e.g., beclomethasone, budesonide) Suppress inflammatory response Inhaled form is used in long-term control Systemic form to control exacerbations and manage persistent asthma 19

20. Cont.. Anti-inflammatory drugs Mast cell stabilizers (e.g., cromolyn , nedocromil ) Inhibit release of histamine Inhibit late-phase response Long-term administration can prevent and reduce bronchial hyper-reactivity Effective in exercise-induced asthma when used 10 to 20 minutes before exercise 20

21. cont. . Leukotriene modifiers (e.g. Singulair ) Leukotriene – potent bronchco -constrictors and may cause airway edema and inflammation Have broncho-dilator and anti-inflammatory effects 21

22. Nursing Management Administer O 2 Bronchodilators Chest physiotherapy Medications (as ordered) Ongoing patient monitoring Stay with patient Encourage slow breathing using pursed lips for prolonged expiration Position comfortably Consoling Relaxation therapies 22

23. Prevention Asthma symptoms' will be reduces by avoiding known triggered and substance that irritate airway Eliminate tobacco smoke from the home 23

24. Complication of Asthma Decrease ability to exercise Lack of sleep Permanent change in the function of lungs Persistent cough Pneumothrax Respiratory failure Death 24

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