Presentation on connectivity of microcontrollers

Presentation on connectivity of microcontrollers

1. Presentation on CAN Bus-Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI)-Inter Integrated Circuits(I2C) Presented to: ER. Sanjay Joshi Presented By : Utkarsh Dubey Adarsh Kumar Prince Saini

2. Contents : CAN Bus (Controller Area Network) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Comparative Analysis Practical Considerations Future Trends Conclusion

3. CAN Bus : CAN Bus (Controller Area Network) is a robust vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, meaning that data is transmitted in messages that contain an identifier and data payload. CAN Bus is used extensively in automotive and industrial applications due to its high reliability and ability to operate in noisy environments.

4. History and Timeline : Working : CAN Bus operates on a message-based protocol with a robust arbitration method, ensuring real-time communication without collisions.

5. 1. Message-Based Communication: Data Frames: Communication on a CAN Bus network occurs through messages called frames. Each frame contains an identifier, control bits, data payload, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and acknowledgment bits. Identifier: Each message on the CAN Bus has a unique identifier that determines the message's priority. Lower identifier values have higher priority on the bus. 2. Arbitration: Non-Destructive Bitwise Arbitration: When multiple devices transmit simultaneously, the bus arbitration process ensures that the highest priority message (the one with the lowest identifier) wins without data collision. Dominant and Recessive Bits: CAN Bus uses two states: dominant (logical 0) and recessive (logical 1). A dominant bit will always overwrite a recessive bit. 3. Data Transmission: Broadcast Communication: CAN Bus messages are broadcast to all nodes on the network. Each node receives the message and decides whether to act on it based on the identifier. ACK Slot: After the data and CRC are sent, the transmitting node places an acknowledgment (ACK) slot. All receiving nodes that correctly receive the message send a dominant bit in this slot, acknowledging successful receipt. 4. Error Detection and Handling: Error Detection: CAN Bus includes multiple error detection mechanisms: CRC Check: Verifies the integrity of the data. Frame Check: Ensures correct format and structure. Acknowledgment Check: Confirms that at least one node received the message correctly. Error Handling: If an error is detected, the erroneous message is immediately retransmitted. Nodes maintain error counters and enter an error-passive state if errors exceed a threshold, minimizing bus disruption.

6. Advantages : Robustness: Error Detection and Handling: CAN Bus has built-in error detection mechanisms such as CRC checks, frame checks, and acknowledgment slots, ensuring reliable data transmission. Efficiency: Priority-Based Arbitration: Messages are prioritized based on their identifier, allowing high-priority messages to be transmitted without delay. Scalability: Multi-Master Configuration: Any node can initiate communication, making it easy to expand the network by adding more nodes. Cost-Effectiveness: Reduced Wiring: The two-wire bus reduces the complexity and cost of wiring compared to point-to-point communication systems. Applications : Automotive Industry: In-vehicle networking: Used for communication between various electronic control units (ECUs) such as engine control, transmission, airbags, antilock braking systems (ABS), and infotainment systems. Industrial Automation: Factory Automation: Used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensors, and actuators for real-time control and monitoring of industrial processes. Medical Equipment: Patient Monitoring Systems: Enables reliable communication between sensors, monitors, and control devices in critical care settings. Aerospace: Avionics Systems: Facilitates communication between various subsystems such as navigation, engine control, and flight control systems.

7. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication protocol used for short-distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. It is commonly used for communication between a microcontroller and peripheral devices such as sensors, memory devices, and display controllers. Working : Setup: Master and slave devices are connected through SCLK, MOSI, MISO, and CS lines. The master device initiates communication by pulling the CS line low. Clocking Data: The master generates the clock signal on the SCLK line. Data is transmitted from master to slave on the MOSI line and from slave to master on the MISO line. Full-Duplex Operation: Data transfer is simultaneous and synchronized with the clock signal. Completion: The master ends the communication by setting the CS line high.

8. Advantages : High Speed: SPI can operate at high clock speeds, making it suitable for applications requiring fast data transfer Full-Duplex Communication: Supports simultaneous two-way data transfer, increasing communication efficiency. Simple Hardware: The protocol is straightforward to implement with minimal hardware requirements. Multiple Slave Support: Multiple slave devices can be connected to a single master using separate Chip Select (CS) lines Low Latency: Direct point-to-point communication reduces latency, making SPI ideal for real-time applications. Applications : Sensor Interfaces: Connecting sensors to microcontrollers for real-time data acquisition, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and accelerometers. Memory Devices: Communication with flash memory, EEPROMs, and SD cards for data storage and retrieval. Display Controllers: Interfacing with LCDs, OLEDs, and other display modules for graphics and text rendering. Audio Codecs: Transmitting digital audio data between microcontrollers and audio processing units.

9. I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a synchronous, multi-master, multi-slave, packet-switched, single-ended, serial communication protocol widely used for connecting low-speed peripherals to processors and microcontrollers in embedded systems. Basic Components: SDA (Serial Data Line): Used for transmitting data between devices. SCL (Serial Clock Line): Used for synchronizing data transmission. Initialization: The master initiates communication with a start condition. Addressing: Master sends the target slave’s address with a read/write bit. Acknowledgment: The slave acknowledges the address by pulling the SDA line low. Data Transfer: Data is transferred between the master and slave with acknowledgment after each byte. Termination: Master ends communication with a stop condition.

10. Advantages of I2C: Simple Wiring: Only two lines (SDA and SCL) are needed to connect multiple devices. Multiple Devices: Can connect multiple master and slave devices on the same bus. Error Checking: Built-in acknowledgment mechanism for error detection. Applications: Sensor Interfaces: Connecting various sensors to a microcontroller. Memory Devices: Communicating with EEPROMs and other memory modules. Display Modules: Interfacing with LCDs and other displays. Real-Time Clocks: Connecting RTC modules for timekeeping.

11. Comparative Analysis Speed SPI: Up to 10 Mbps or higher I2C: Up to 3.4 Mbps (High-speed mode) CAN: Up to 1 Mbps (Classical CAN), 5 Mbps (CAN FD) Complexity SPI: Simple but requires more pins I2C: Moderate complexity, fewer pins CAN: More complex but highly robust Use Cases SPI: High-speed sensor data, SD cards I2C: Low-speed peripherals, configuration registers CAN: Automotive, industrial automation Reliability and Robustness CAN: Highest SPI: Moderate I2C: Moderate

12. Practical Considerations Implementation Hardware requirements for each protocol Software libraries and support Debugging and Troubleshooting Common issues and solutions for CAN, SPI, I2C Power Consumption Impact on battery-powered devices

13. Future Trends Advancements in CAN FD (Flexible Data-Rate) Improvements in I2C speeds and capabilities Emerging alternatives and complementary technologies CAN bus, SPI, and I2C are vital communication protocols in electronics. CAN bus excels in robustness for automotive and industrial applications, SPI offers high-speed, full-duplex communication for short distances, while I2C provides simplicity and flexibility for interconnecting multiple devices.

14. THANK YOU