Presentation on conventional microgrid.pptx

Conventional micro grid presentation

1. What is micro grid system ? A microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or collaboratively with other small power grids. The practice of using microgrids is known as distributed, dispersed, decentralized, district or embedded energy production.
Any small-scale, localized power station that has its own generation and storage resources and definable boundaries can be considered a microgrid . If the microgrid can be integrated with the area’s main power grid, it is often referred to as a hybrid microgrid .

2. What are micro grid?

3. A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. It can connect and disconnect from the grid to operate in grid-connected or island mode. Microgrids can improve customer reliability and resilience to grid disturbances

4. Advanced microgrids enable local power generation assets—including traditional generators, renewables, and storage—to keep the local grid running even when the larger grid experiences interruptions or, for remote areas, where there is no connection to the larger grid. In addition, advanced microgrids allow local assets to work together to save costs, extend duration of energy supplies, and produce revenue via market participation

5. How does microgrid works? Intelligent controls and management software are at the core of microgrids . Many control systems can track the energy needs of the facility and determine how to supply the needed energy. These control systems consider and evaluate factors such as cost, fuel supply, weather and energy load required to decide which DERs to utilize.
As mentioned, microgrids can be made up of many different assets, these control systems are the key element to manage dispatching the best asset based on these factors. Finally, some microgrids also feature energy storage systems to capture the energy produced at one time for use later.

6. What are the benefits of microgrid system? Microgrid energy system benefits include:
Savings on electricity costs by taking power from the grid only when it is cheaper, thanks to distributed generation and batteries to boost self-consumption
The creation of an additional source of income by providing remunerated ancillary services to the national grid (where regulated/permitted)
The achievement of targets relating to sustainability and the reduction of polluting emissions
Improvements in safety and resilience thanks to the option of disconnecting from the grid in case of power outages in order to safeguard the continuous supply to critical loads even during potential blackouts
Cost optimization concerning the use of energy from the national grid, the generation of distributed sources and the charging of any storage systems, thanks to the microgrid’s own advanced management systems

7. Types of microgrid Advanced microgrid -: A microgrid that uses sophisticated software, controls and sometimes artificial intelligence to manage multiple energy resources. Most of the microgrid types listed here can be configured as advanced microgrids . Campus microgrid -:A microgrid that serves multiple buildings on a single large parcel of land, often for a single offtaker . Examples include business parks, medical centers and educational facilities.

8. Community microgrid -: A microgrid that serves critical facilities within a community, such as emergency response centers, water and wastewater treatment plants, grocery stores, fueling stations, government buildings and shelters. In some cases, community microgrids extend to noncritical buildings or homes Hybrid microgrid -: Hybrid microgrids generate power with two or more distributedenergy sources, such as wind and solar. They also use a battery to store energy. These microgrids can operate in both grid-connected mode and islanded mode (disconnected from the grid).

9. Mobile microgrid -; Mobile microgrids can be relocated to support emergency response teams or provide power for personal electronic or medical device charging during times of crisis. Because they often use renewable energy or batteries, mobile microgrids reduce the need to ship fuel to remote areas or disaster zones. One example of a mobile microgrid entails using electric vehicles Nanogrid -: Nanogrids are basically small microgrids that serve a single customer or facility. These microgrids can typically operate in both grid-connected mode and islanded mode (disconnected from the grid). Remote microgrid -: Remote microgrids are found on islands, in isolated areas or in parts of the world without a central or reliable power

10. Renewable energy microgrid -: A micro grid that uses one or more renewable energy Utility microgrid -: A microgrid that is owned and operated by an investor-owned or public utility

11. Hierarchical control of microgrids

12. Primary control Primary control in a micromicrogrid refers to the immediate response to changes in the grid’s operating conditions. It focuses on maintaining voltage and frequency within acceptable limits by adjusting local energy sources and loads. Primary control operates on a fast timescale, typically within milliseconds to seconds, and relies on local measurements and control algorithms to quickly respond to disturbances. Examples of primary control actions include adjusting the output of distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar panels and batteries or shedding non-critical loads to stabilize the grid during sudden changes in generation or demand.

13. Secondary control Secondary control in a micromicrogrid builds upon the actions taken by primary control to further optimize grid performance and stability. It operates on a slightly slower timescale, typically ranging from seconds to minutes. Secondary control functions include more coordinated adjustments to energy sources and loads within the micromicrogrid to address longer-term variations in generation and demand This may involve implementing power sharing algorithms among DERs, adjusting setpoints for voltage and frequency regulation devices, and optimizing the scheduling of energy storage systems to enhance grid resilience and efficiency. Secondary control helps to ensure that the micromicrogrid operates reliably and efficiently under varying operating conditions.

14. Teritary control Tertiary control in a micromicrogrid refers to the highest level of control, which is responsible for long-term optimization and strategic decision-making. It operates on a timescale ranging from minutes to hours or even days. Tertiary control involves advanced energy management strategies aimed at maximizing the overall efficiency, reliability, and economic performance of the micromicrogrid . Tertiary control typically includes functions such as: Energy scheduling and forecasting: Predicting future energy demand and generation patterns to optimize scheduling of energy resources and minimize costs.

15. Economic dispatch: Determining the most cost-effective combination of energy sources and storage systems to meet demand while considering factors such as fuel prices, tariffs, and grid constraints. Demand response management: Coordinating with consumers to adjust their energy consumption in response to grid conditions or price signals, optimizing overall system operation Market participation: Engaging with energy markets to buy and sell excess energy or provide grid services such as frequency regulation and capacity reserves.

16. Long-term planning: Developing strategies for expanding and upgrading the micromicrogrid infrastructure to accommodate future growth and changes in demand and generation.

17. Advantages of micromicrogrid Increased Resilience: Micromicrogrids are highly resilient due to their decentralized nature. They can continue to operate autonomously even if portions of the larger grid experience outages or disturbances, providing critical power to essential loads.
Enhanced Reliability: By reducing the distance between energy generation and consumption, micromicrogrids can improve reliability by minimizing transmission losses and reducing the likelihood of widespread outages.

18. Improved Efficiency: Localized generation and distribution within micromicrogrids can lead to increased energy efficiency by reducing losses associated with transmitting electricity over long distances. Additionally, the ability to optimize energy flows and implement demand-side management strategies can further improve efficiency. Flexibility and Adaptability: Micromicrogrids can easily integrate a diverse range of energy resources, including renewable energy sources like solar and wind, as well as energy storage systems and demand response technologies. This flexibility allows them to adapt to changing energy demands and environmental conditions.

19. Grid Support Services: Micromicrogrids can provide valuable grid support services, such as frequency regulation, voltage control, and reactive power support, which can help stabilize the larger grid and improve overall system reliability. Cost Savings: In some cases, micromicrogrids can offer cost savings compared to relying solely on the centralized grid, particularly in remote or islanded locations where the cost of grid extension or maintenance is high. They can also help reduce electricity bills through energy optimization and demand management strategies.
Environmental Benefits: By integrating renewable energy sources and promoting energy efficiency, micromicrogrids can contribute to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainability goals.

20. Disadvantages Initial Costs: Setting up a micromicrogrid infrastructure, including installing generation, storage, and control systems, can require significant upfront investment. This initial cost may be prohibitive for some communities or organizations, particularly in regions with limited financial resources. Complexity: Micromicrogrids involve sophisticated control and management systems to coordinate the operation of multiple distributed energy resources. Managing this complexity requires specialized expertise and ongoing maintenance, which can increase operational costs

21. Interconnection Issues: Integrating micromicrogrids with the larger grid can pose technical challenges, particularly in terms of synchronization, voltage compatibility, and protection coordination. Ensuring seamless interoperability with the central grid requires careful planning and coordination. Regulatory and Policy Barriers: Regulatory frameworks and policies may not always support the development and operation of micromicrogrids , especially in regions dominated by traditional utility models. Uncertainty regarding regulations, tariffs, and market structures can create barriers to investment and deployment.

22. Limited Scalability: While micromicrogrids are well-suited for localized energy supply and demand, they may face limitations in scalability. Expanding a micromicrogrid to serve larger areas or accommodate growing energy demands may require significant infrastructure upgrades and investment. Energy Source Dependence: Micromicrogrids heavily reliant on intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind may experience challenges related to energy variability and intermittency. Energy storage systems can help mitigate these issues but add complexity and cost to the system. Maintenance and Support: Ensuring the reliable operation of micromicrogrid infrastructure requires ongoing maintenance and support. In remote or inaccessible locations, accessing and servicing equipment may be challenging, leading to potential downtime and reliability issues.