Presentation on flood

all the impacts, causes and types of flood, flood forecasting, benefits are included in it

1. Submitted By: Sindhvad kathan Pankajbhai Year : 3 rd Branch : Civil Engineering Subject : Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering FLOODS Disaster profile & Disaster management procedure in India PLANNING & MANAGEMENT FOR DISASTERS

2. Over view Definitions for disaster and floods Objectives Types of floods Causes of floods Floods impacts Methodology Flood forecasting Flood management Flood zoning Case study(Vijayawada)

3. Disaster Disaster is a natural or human , caused phenomenon, which causes serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses which elicited the ability of the affected community, society to cope using its resources. Floods are a common feature in the country that occur every year in many parts including South India. 3

4. I N T R OD U C TI O N A flood occurs when the Geomorphic Equilibrium in the river system is disturbed because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors or when a system crosses the geomorphic threshold. Flooding in a river due to aggradation of river bed (intrinsic threshold); Flooding in a river due to heavy rainfall (extrinsic threshold) Floods in major cities especially during rainy season are proving to disastrous not only to the environment but also have serious implications for human life and property. Source: FLOOD DISASTERS AND MANAGEMENT

5. TYPES OF FLOODS Types of floods •Flash floods River floods •Coastal Floods •Urban Flood According to their duration flood can be divided into different categories: •Slow-Onset Floods: Slow Onset Floods usually last for a relatively longer period, it may last for one or more peeks, or even months. •Rapid- Onset Floods: Rapid1Onset Floods last for a relatively shorter period, they usually last for one or two days only. •Flash Floods: Flash Floods may occur within minutes or a fe1w hours after heavy rainfall, tropical storm, failure of dams or levees or releases of ice dams. And it causes the greatest damages to society.

6. The soil becomes saturated and overland flow and through flow reach the river and discharge increases. Overland flow arrives first. The time from peak rainfall to peak discharge is the LAG TIME. The discharge starts to fall slowly as water is added from through flow and groundwater flows which are much slower. The base flow supplies the river with water between storms and keeps it flowing in summer. Rainfall is intercepted or infiltrated into the soil moisture store Start of the storm there is a slow rise in discharge, as only a small amount of water falls into the channel

7. Contd…. F l oo ds Natural Storm Surge, Tsunami, Glacial Melt, Landslide, Riverine, Estuarine & Marine Flood Eg: bursting of landslide blockades in the catchment areaof the Bhagirathi River in August 1978 (Gupta and Dave, 1982). Man made Breach of Dam/ Barrage/ Embankment Release from Reservoir, Urban Flood Eg: In the year 2009,Almatti and Naryanpur dams on the Krishna River in Karnataka. This water along with rain water reached Andhra Pradesh near the Srisailam dam. It causes a hevy floods in andhrapradesh

8. Causes of floods

9. FACTORS VEGETATION COVER This varies seasonally. The type and amount will affect interception and stemflow/throughfall. Overland flow is reduced. Lag time will be increased. ROCK TYPE Impermeable rocks prevent groundwater flow and encourage through flow and overland flow. These rocks will decrease lag time. Permeable rock will have the opposite effect. LAKES & RESERVOIRS These will store floodwater and thus reduce lag time and control river response to heavy rainfall. SOIL TYPE & DEPTH Deep soils store more water, pipes in the soil encourage through flow. Soils with small pore spaces will reduce infiltration and increase overland flow. LAND USE Impermeable surfaces created by urbanisation will reduce infiltration and encourage overland flow. Different types of crops affect interception rates e.g. cereals 7-15%. RAINFALL INTENSITY & DURATION Intense rain will increase overland flow and reduce lag times. Gentle rain over a longer time will allow more infiltration. SLOPES Steep slopes will encourage overland flow and gentle slope will slow run off down. CLIMATE The distribution of rainfall over the year and the temperatures will affect the lag times.

10. FLOODS IMPACTS Human Loss Property Loss Affects the Major Roads Disruption of Air / Train / Bus services Spread of Water-borne Communicable Diseases Communication Breakdown Electricity Supply Cut off Economic and Social Disruption Increase in Air / Water Pollution

11. Flood forecasting Anticipating floods before they occur allows for precautions to be taken and people to be warned so that they can be prepared in advance for flooding conditions. For example, – Farmers can remove animals from low-lying areas and utility services can put in place emergency provisions to re-route services if needed. Emergency services can also make provisions to have enough resources available ahead of time to respond to emergencies as they occur. In order to make the most accurate flood forecasts for waterways, it is best to have a long time-series of historical data that relates stream flows to measured past rainfall events Radar estimates of rainfall and general weather forecasting techniques are also important components of good flood forecasting.

12. Flood Control In many countries around the world, waterways prone to floods are often carefully managed. Defences such as levees, bunds, reservoirs, and weirs are used to prevent waterways from overflowing their banks. In the riparian zone near rivers and streams, erosion control measures can be taken to try and slow down or reverse the natural forces that cause many waterways to meander over long periods of time. Flood controls, such as dams, can be built and maintained over time to try and reduce the occurrence and severity of floods as well.

13. Flood benefits Floods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can also bring many benefits, such as Recharging ground water, Making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in some soils. Flood waters provide much needed water resources in arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation can be very unevenly distributed throughout the year. Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in maintaining ecosystems in river corridors and are a key factor in maintaining floodplain biodiversity. Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead to increased biomass and improved fisheries for a few years. For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly suitable location for spawning with few predators and enhanced levels of nutrients or food. Fish, such as the weather fish, make use of floods in order to reach new habitats. Bird populations may also profit from the boost in food production caused by flooding.

14. National pe r spect i v e: Urban regions with more than 5 million population Mumbai, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar. Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data Regional Pe r spect i v e Urban Regions with more than 3 million population. Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada(case study area) urban region. Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data. Local Perspective Hyderabad(Musi river) .Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data M E THODOLOG Y :

15. Floods in India Floods cause damage to houses, industries, public utilities and property resulting in huge economic losses, apart from loss of lives. Though it is not possible to control the flood disaster totally, by adopting suitable structural and non-structural measures the flood damages can be minimised. Parameters Area liable to Floods (million Ha.) Total Damage Rs.13,400 million Area Affected 8.11 million hectare Crop Area Affected 3.57 million hectare Human Lives Lost 1579 Nos. Cattle Lost 95,000 Nos. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

16. Flood prone zones , areas in INDIA

17. Major River Floods in 2002 The areas in red are where river floods have occurred .

18. Analysis over years

19. INDIA FLOOD PRONE AREA O THER S T A T E S 43.9% UTTAR PRADESH 21.90% BIHAR 12.71% AS S AM 9.40% WEST BENGAL 7.91% O R IS S A 4.18%

20. FLOOD MANAGEMENT AREA AFFECTED BY FLOODS 2 . 2 9 7 . 4 9 9 . 4 4 9 . 2 4 4 . 8 6 6 . 2 6 5 . 7 7 7 . 5 3 6 . 5 6 6 . 1 2 3 . 4 9 4 . 9 1 . 4 6 4 . 7 4 7 . 1 2 6.2 7.15 6 . 4 6 13 . 2 5 4 . 1 11 . 7 9 6 . 7 6.17 11 . 9 1 11 . 4 6 17 . 5 3 . 9 9 11 . 4 6 6 . 1 2 8 . 8 7 9.02 10 . 7 1 8 . 3 8 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 9 16 . 2 9 4 . 6 3 9 . 3 6 . 1 7 2 . 9 4 . 6 3 2 . 7 5 6 . 1 1 7 . 4 3 . 8 5 7 . 1 8 2 . 5 5 5 . 16 6 3 . 8 6 . 5 8 . 03 1 7.09 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 Y E AR AREA IN M.Ha .

21. FLOOD DAMAGE IN INDIA DURING 52.4 57.23 102.73 53.63 23.37 43.97 86 . 2 63.17 31.37 94.89 36.61 66.61 7.14 88.43 155.43 211.1 404.43 287 . 8 3 632 . 4 8 158 . 1 9 569 569 . 2 471 . 6 4 888 . 6 9 1201 . 8 5 1454 . 7 6 614.2 840.5 1196 . 5 1644 . 8 8 2491 . 6 1 1905 . 5 6 4059 . 2 7 3748 . 5 3 2569 . 7 2 4630 . 3 2405 . 3 3 1708 . 9 2 1488 . 3 3 3344 . 5 3 2536 . 7 9 1794 . 5 9 3702 . 3 1 2952 . 7 8 2831 . 1 8 5845 . 9 8 2107 . 8 6 1415 . 8 8 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 RUPEES IN CRORE Y E AR

22. Total flood damage state wise and for the union territory of Delhi The macro-flood zones of India may be broadly grouped into the following zones: (a) Brahmaputra River Basin, (b) Ganga River Basin, (c) North-West Rivers Basin, and (d) Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin.

23. 2012 Brahmaputra floods This was another sorrow caused to Assam in recent years. In July 2012, Brahmaputra and its tributaries showed its wrath and since it was natural but it grabs a spot at number 2 and eye-catching event because the main area which was affected included Kaziranga National Park, a park which is the natural habitat of Rhinos. It cause a death of 540 animals including 13 Rhinos. The main reasons behind this calamity is the deforestation in the area of passing by of Brahmaputra .

24. 2010 Ladakh Floods. It was 6th August 2010, when the series of natural disasters started to take place in Ladakh, a regional part of J&K ( Jammu and Kashmir). It was accompanied with cloudburst, debris flows and Flash floods from Himalayan. Causality was less than 300 but a great loss of property was reported. Areas of Leh were also affected and it caused a loss of total Rs. 133 crores INR. 26

25. 2005 : Maharashtra flood This was the major and the most devastating disaster occurred in Maharashtra, mainly engulfing areas of Mumbai, Chiplun, Khed, Kalyan, Ratnagiri and Raigad. The main problem arose with the people on the road and which caused a traffic jam and with it came the loss of people. A total of 5000 people were reported for the death toll. The date 26 July 2005 has been marked as one the BLACK DAY in the history of Mumbai.

26. 2004 Bihar Flood Being considered as a flood prone area, Bihar is again in the list because of 2004 flood which it suffered. It was stated that a total of 883 people lost their lives and more than 3000 animals were killed. One of the most horrifying disaster caused almost a loss of Rs. 1,03,049.60 Lakh. Rivers, primarily, Gandak, Kosi, Mahananda, Bagmati, Budhi had already crossed the red mark while on the other hand Ganga first time in its history crossed the red mark in Farrakka Barrage.

27. STATE PERSPECTIVE Latest reports said 150 villages in Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Krishna, Guntur and the east and west Godavari districts were submerged. Around 67,000 people had been evacuated. Crops spread over 2.5 lakh hectares of farmland were under water and schools remained shut.(2012)

28. 6 / 1 1 / 2 13 Fl o o d s - D isa s t er M a n agme n t 30

29. Contd… City name Rivers or streams Floods Vishakhapatnam Visakha Sarada, Gosthani, Champavathi, Tandava 2005 ( c y c lone ) , 2004 ( ts u nam i ) Vijayawada Krishna Vira, Munneru B udame r u Thammileru 2006 (Ogni cyclone), 2004 (Tsunami) 1977 / 78 /90 / 96 (Cyclones) 1983/ 86 /98 / 2005 (Krishna), 1977 (Diviseema Floods)

30. Local Perspective of Floods 23 RD AND 24 TH AUGUST, 2000 24cm rainfall for 24 hours 77 slums washed away 35,000 affected 142 people killed 90 residential areas under water (10 – 15 feet) More than 100 colonies submerged in water 28th September, 1908 15,000 people killed 19,000 houses demolished 80,000 dwellings demolished Average flood water level 15 – 20 feet Construction of Osman Sagar (1914), Himayat Sagar (1927).

31. Approaches & measure for long , short term protection from floods in India Attempts to modify the floods: involves flood protection by physical measures such as Construction of embankments Construction of detention reservoirs Channel improvements etc. Attempts to modify the susceptibility to flood damage: involves action designed to reduce the vulnerability of property and other developmental activities in the flood plains to the flood hazard Attempts to modify the loss burden: Consists of actions to modify the incidence of losses, by spreading them over a large segment of community. Bearing the loss: Bearing the loss means living with floods

32. M E A SURES

33. FLOOD MANAGEMENT APPROACH FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES

34. INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT INCREASING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD PLAINS LACK OF REGULATIONS INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS I N CRE A SE D V U L NERABILITY CAUSES

35. FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES MODIFY THE FLOODS MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN BEAR THE LOSS

36. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING WATER SUPPLY FACTORY POWER HOUSE UNIVERSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA GOVT. OFFICE HOSPI T AL NORMAL CHANNEL P ARK FREQUENT FLOOD FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS III II III II I I

37. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING WARNING I R E S T R I C TIVE II PROHIBITIVE III RESTRICTIVE II W ARNING I RIVER CHANNEL

38. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING STEPS DATA COLLECTION DATA TRANSMISSION DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST

39. FLOOD FORECASTING HYDROLOGICAL RIVER WATER LEVEL RIVER DISCHARGE HYDROMETEOROLGICAL RAINFALL OTHER RECIPITATION eg. SNOW, HAIL ETC. DATA COLLECTION

40. FLOOD FORECASTING W I RELESS TELEPHONE F AX DATA TRANSMISSION SATELLITE TELEGRAPH

41. FLOOD FORECASTING DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION CORRELATION MATHEMA T ICAL MODELS

42. FLOOD FORECASTING DISSEMINATION FORECAST CIVIL AUTHORITY OTHER AGENCIES PRESS, A I R DO O RD A RSH A N OTHER USERS LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES

43. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING PRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM WEATHER FORECASTS RIVER STAGE & DISCHARGE AT BASE STATION RIVER STAGE & DISCHARGE AT FORECASTING STATIONS RAINFALL F.M. O. OF I.M.D FLOOD FORECASTING CENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS FORMULATION OF FORECAST C.E., S.E. STATE GOVT. CONTROL ROOM PRE SS POLICE FLOOD COMMITTEE CIVIL AUTHORITIES ENGG. AUTHORITIES DEFE N C E I N D U S TRI E S RAILWAYS F.M.O OF I.M.D REGIONAL OFFICES OF I.M.D. REGIONAL OFFICES OF I.M.D. RADIO P & T DOORDARSHAN CWC HQ MINISTRY OF WR

44. FLOOD MANAGEMENT Use of Remote Sensing and GIS Research and Development Weather / Rainfall Forecasting FF Modelling Capacity Building International Cooperation

45. INDIA FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS GANGA B’PUTRA GODAVARI WEST EASTERN KRISHNA MAHANADI BARAK FLOWING RIVERS 8 5 27 1 7 1 5 9 8 3 2

46. INDIA FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS 35 32 23 14 1 5 11 1 1 6 4 3 2 1 2 4 2

47. FLOOD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES Pre flood During flood Post flood

48. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING CONCEPT AN IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE. REGULATES LAND USE IN FLOOD PLAINS TO RESTRICT DAMAGE BY FLOODS. INVOLVES DEMARCATION OF ZONES IN FLOOD PLAINS COMPATIBLE WITH FLOOD RISKS INVOLVED.

49. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING ZONE REGULATION PRIORITY - I ACTIVITY LIMITED TO WATER LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO 10 Y E ARS FLOO D F R EQUENCY AND DRAI N A GE CONGESTION FOR 50 YEARS RAINFALL.

50. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING ZONE REGULATION PRIORITY - II ACTIVITY LIMITED TO LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO 25 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR 10 YEARS RAINFALL FREQUENCY.

51. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING PRIORITY - III LESS ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN AREAS VULNERABLE TO FREQUENT FLOODS. ZONE REGULATION

52. FLOOD MANAGEMENT FUTURE STRATEGIES Focused Approach Basin Wise Action Plan Flood Plain Zoning Role of Central Government Funding of Planned Flood Management Works Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs

53. National Disaster ftanagement Guidelines To minimise vulnerability to floods and consequent loss of lives, livelihood systems, property and damage to infrastructure and public utilities Flood damage assessment be made on a realistic and scientific basis and recorded basin- /sub-basin-wise. Performance evaluation of a large number of FM schemes be carried out and their impact on the socio economic development of the protected area be assessed. The use of flood plains be regulated and a suitable legislation for flood plain zoning be enacted and enforced. Water Resources planning and construction be basin wise and basin organisations be set up. Storages in various forms is an important component of the package of measures for FM and flood space in reservoirs be provided to the extent feasible and flood control not relegated to a non- priority activity as against competing water requirements for hydropower and Irrigation purposes. International dimensions of problem of floods be kept in mind and the GOI should play an important role in the matter. Requisite funds be made available for construction of new and maintenance of existing works. Emphasis be laid on research, education and training on FM.

54. 6 / 1 1 / 2 13 Fl o o d s - D isa s t er M a n agme n t 56 CASE STUDY ON VIJAYAWADA FLOODS

55. Satellite map showing river Krishna in Vijayawada 6 / 1 1 / 2 13 Fl o o d s - D isa s t er M a n agme n t 57

56. LOCATION MAP Map of India showing AP

57. Location The city is situated at the foot of a low range hills on the northern bank of the river Krishna with its cardinal points as 16° 31’ North latitude and 80° 37’ East longitude, around 70 km away from the coast .

58. Topographic Details The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by four canals, four hills and the holy river Krishna. Vijayawada when approached from Guntur is welcomed by the historic gates across the holy river Krishna. The way to Machilipatnam runs parallel to Budamerru canal and crosses two other Canals There are four major hills: Indrakiladri hill Machavaram Gunadaa Hill Moghalrajapuram hill Gollapalem Gattu Hill

59. Krishna River The River Krishna takes of its origin in the western Ghats at an elevation of (+) 1336 Mts and runs for a length of about 1400 Km and runs through Vijayawada city and joins at Bay of Bengal The length of Krishna River up to Prakasam Barrage is about 1310 km and the length from Prakasam Barrage to Puligadda Aqueduct is 64.00 kms. The flow of the river is managed partially by the Nagarjuna Sagar dam which is located to the west of Krishna District and Prakasam Barrage which is located at the beginning of the city.

60. Krishna river flow details and distance of dam to dam The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13KM and bellow flood bank is 6.40 Km which creates havoc in flood season which starts from June to December. Water release from barrage with 4,12,734 to 10,94422 Cusecs is been observed over the years.

61. Details of Flood Banks In Krishna District

62. Index plan of Krishna River Flood Banks 6 / 1 1 / 2 13 Fl o o d s - D isa s t er M a n agme n t 64

63. Flood Bank locations

64. Year Wise observed Maximum Floods In Krishna River

65. Reasons for Krishna Flood This region receives maximum rainfall both by southwest and retreating monsoons. The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement. Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the delta-irrigated lands Flood bank below barrage is about 6.40 Km which creates havoc in flood season from June to December. High Water release at time from barrage with 4,12,734 to 10,94422 Cusecs of water released in various years. Developmental activities like sluice connectivity to into the river is causing back water(3 sluices connected into river) Bund cutting for public private developmental activities (ex: sluice, storm water drains) approach roads for bigger vehicles. Allotting the residential areas officially in flood zone. Ex: Police colony.

66. Contd… trespassing the river bunds by people damage to the river bunds by rodents Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the flood bank with slips and erosion. Negligence and helpless condition making people to stay at the houses even after passing the warnings With little authoritative power over the settlements along the flood banks, the irrigation department is unable to attend swiftly in vulnerable areas.

67. Vulnerable groups to Krishna floods

68. Satellite imagery of vulnerable points at Krishna flood area 6 / 1 1 / 2 13 Fl o o d s - D isa s t er M a n agme n t 71

69. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery

70. Occurrence of disaster in Vijayawada (year wise) 6 / 1 1 / 2 13 Fl o o d s - D isa s t er M a n agme n t 73

71. M I TI G A TI O N Mitigation measures are very important phase of disaster management. They will help to reduce the loss and increase the capacity of people in managing the disasters. The potential forecast outlook can be translated into early warning messages and initiate preventive/preparedness actions. As per the building byelaws 1981, no permission to construct a building on site shell be granted , if the site is with in 9 meters of the highest water mark of a tank Further the authority may require the floor of the lowest styorey of such building to be raised above the normal minimum flood level of the adjoining to ground or to such other level as the authority may prescribe Shift or restrict the people living in flood banks to safe place by providing all aminities Krishna Bund strengthening at Krishna lanka, ranadheevinagar, Bhupesh Gupta nagar Krishna bund construction from police colony to yanamala kuduru Raising the free board of Krishna flood bunds from 1.5 metre to 2 meters. Shift the habitants of the flood zone of Budameru temporary or permanent to safe shelters after announcing the warning Stop plowing / occupying the budameru bund from singh nagar to NSC Bose nagar

72. Contd… Providing Road side rain water drains at banadar road Providing Road side rain water drains Ayyappanagar Road Providing Under ground drainage and sewer lines and construction of sump cum [Pump house Construction of Flood banks for Krishna River and Budameru Floods Renovation or construction of safe schools and providing safety equipment at schools Provision of Food to lactating mothers and Infants and children under 6 years reconstruction of rubbish or spoiled roads in many points of the city to protect form water stagnation Identify the high milkproduction and other animal or bird production areas, based on that preference should be given to provide all measures to those cattle and birds safety and multiplication

73. Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster Learn warning signs and community alert system During a flood watch Don't return home until authorities express itis safe to do so Stockpile emergency building materials If indoors: Turn on battery operated radio to get latest emergency information Get pre-assembled emergency supplies If told to leave, do so immediately. If outdoors: Climb to high ground and stay there Avoid walking through any floodwaters. If in a car, turn around and go another way; if your car stalls, abandon it immediately and climb to higher ground. During an evacuation: If advised to evacuate, do so immediately to avoid flooded roads, being sure to follow recommended evacuation routes and listen to radio for evacuation instructions Help neighbors whom may need assistance Install check valves in sewer traps to Use extreme caution when entering prevent flood waters from backing up in buildings sewer Inspect foundations for cracks or other drains damage and examine walls, floors, doors, Plan and practice an evacuation route and Have disaster supplies on hand windows to make sure that the building is Develop an emergency communication not plan in danger of collapsing in case of separation Watch out for animals, especially Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the poisonous "family contact" snakes, that may have come into your home Teach family members how and when to with flood waters turn off the gas, electricity, and water and Watch for loose plaster and ceilings that teach children how and when to call 9-1-1 could fall Ask your insurance agent about flood Take pictures of damage for insurance insurance claims Look for fire hazards Throw away all food (including canned) that has come in contact with flood waters Pump out flooded basements gradually (~ 1/3 amount of water per day) to avoid structural damage Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems ASAP – damaged se w a g e s y s tems a r e he alth haza r d s .

74. P R E P AREDNESS State of being ready to react promptly and effectively in an event of emergency (systematic way approach). Being prepared for severity vulnerability of the disaster . Preparedness plan ( a holistic integrated approach) Specific Region , Area, Purpose Deploying Officers Incharge To Take Care With Emergencies Strategy Development For Activities Likely To Be Undertaken At A Local Situation( Resource Analysis To Force) Identify Government Bodies Which Can Respond Establishment Of Emergency Operating Centres

75. Emergency Operating centre(EOC) /Control room : An emergency operations center, or EOC, is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level in an emergency situation, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.

76. Functions Dealing with incoming emergency calls and prioritizing them taking the necessary information from the caller Recording details of incidents on computer systems Providing necessary advice and guidance Dispatching an emergency services team to deal with the incident. Maintaining contact with the team at the scene of the incident to keep up to date with the situation and ensure staff safety.

77. Warning Stages Flood – Krishna 1st-Warning - When flood level reaches 12ft. at Prakasam 2nd Warning - When flood level reaches 15 ft. at Prakasam 3rd Warning - When flood level reaches 17 ft. at Prakasam

78. RESPONSE Occurs immediately / during following disaster Designed to provide emergency assistance to the victims of the event and reduce the likelihood of occurrence of secondary damage 5 STAGE PROCESS Notification Immediate public safety Property security Public welfare Restoration

79. RECOVERY Final phase of disaster management cycle It is the longest phase out of all until system return to normalcy / nearly to normalcy 2 TYPES long term Complete redevelopment of damage short term Restoration of vital services like watersupply, social infrastructure to minimum standards of operation and safety Mike announcement of flood discharge and awareness of people to evacuate the people to be submerged houses.

80. Water Supply Identify the effected areas substitute with good and quality of water. Keep the stock of Chlorine. Identify and keep ready the list of sources of water in unaffected areas. Check and Identification of low lying areas in the ward. Check the water samples for residual chlorine, microbial substitutes and treat accordingly. Duties of Medical Teams in Rehabilitation Centers List out the below 5 years age children’s and supply the milk and food (medicated). List out the pregnancy ladies and take sufficient medical treatment. List out the old / unhealthy people and take sufficient medical treatment. Arrangements for fogging to control the mosquitoes and fly’s.

81. Shelter Management Departments women and Child welfare, Revenue, Civil supplies and Municipal Corporation must play a major role in Shelter management. Adequate numbers of buildings or open space shall be identified where relief camps can be set up during emergency and updated in the plan. The relief camps should provide with adequate provision of drinking water and bathing, sanitation and essential health-care facilities. Adequate securing arrangements shall be made by local police. Adequate lighting arrangements shall be made in the camp area including at water points, toilets and other common areas by the Municipal Engineering Department. Explore the possibility of provision of food through community kitchens, provision of education through the restoration of schools and anganwadis in effected areas.

82. Duties of Civil Supplies Necessary free distribution of food shall be made to those who ever need in the shelter and effected areas. Wherever possible dry rations shall be provided for home cooking. Community Kitchen for mass feeding shall be organized only for an affected people do not have the means to cooks. While providing food assistance, local food practices shall be kept in mind and commodities being provided must be carefully chosen, in consultation with the affected population. Food must be of good quality, safe to consume, and appropriate and acceptable to recipients. Food distributed should be of appropriate quality and fit for human consumption.

83. Duties of Police Department City Police officer will make arrangements for providing adequate number of mobile VHF sets up to sub-division/ward Police stations for meeting the exigencies. List out trained persons responsible at sub division and ward level Police stations for disaster management activities with details of address and phone numbers. Provide this list to Dist Collector and Municipal Commissioner and concerned line departments. Adequate security arrangements shall be made by local police at the shelters and vulnerable areas. Duties of Irrigation Department Flood preparedness plan for the city is to be prepared. Update and inform about the floods at higher reaches. Check your stores keep ready Inventory and instruments. Keep ready the emergency material which ever required at the out falls at Krishna lanka river bank. A report on activities and work status of Budameru drain should be submitted immediately and an office of concerned work must be attended to the next meeting.

84. In Conclusion While we can never contract with the future or accurately predict all of the consequences of our actions and policies, policymakers must extend their thinking about their impacts and the impacts of private entities beyond the local, the near term, the likely, and the recently newsworthy.

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