Presentation ON HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY THYROIDAL AXIS.pptx

Presentation

1. PESENTATION ON HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY THYROIDAL AXIS (HPT

2. INTRODUCTION TO HTP AXIS The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is one of several hormone regulatory systems The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain and is connected by the stalk-like infundibulum to the pituitary gland which is located in the sella turcica The hypothalamic-pituitary unit regulates the functions of the thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands and also controls growth, milk production and ejection, and osmoregulation. The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis) is a vital part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for regulating metabolism and responding to stress. Component of HPT axis include the following endocrine gland; HYPOTHALAMUS , PITUTARY AND THYROID GLAND

3. HYPOTHALAMUS AND ITS HORMONES The hypothalamus is a small, cone-shaped structure deep within our brain. It serves as a crucial link between the endocrine and nervous system The hypothalamus plays a central role in maintaining the body's internal balance (Reg Body Temp, Ctrl Hunger and Thirst, Infl Mood and Emotions,Sex Drive, Reproductive funct, Reg Sleep, Reg BP, Hormonal Ctrl, & Sense of Fullness. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH): Stress response Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Regulate reproductive functions by stimulating the release of FSH & LH Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH): stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Somatostatin: acts as an inhibitor, regulating the release of other hormones (GH) Other hormones of the Hypothalamus inc: Oxytocin , Vasopressin(ADH) and GHRH.

4. PITUITARY GLAND The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of our brain, just below the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland acts as our body’s “master gland” because it controls the functions and regulate other endocrine gland. Anterior Pituitary (Front Lobe) : Produces and releases hormones such as: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Regulates the body’s stress response by stimulating cortisol production. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Influences sperm production & egg develop. Growth hormone (GH): Promotes growth and maintains muscle and bone health. Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates ovulation & testosterone production. Posterior Pituitary (Back Lobe) : Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, including oxytocin and vasopressin.

5. THYROID AND ITS HORMONES The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of our neck, just below the Adam’s apple. It’s a vital part of our endocrine system because it produces hormones to regulate our various bodily functions. The thyroid’s primary job is to control our metabolism,the process by which our body converts food into energy. Thyroxine (T4): T4 can convert to triiodothyronine (T3). Triiodothyronine (T3): regulate metabolism. Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): it reverses the effects of T3. Calcitonin: Regulates blood calcium levels. To make thyroid hormones, the gland needs iodine, which we obtain from food (often iodized table salt) and water.

6. THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS DIT + MIT = Tri-iodothyronine (T3)