Presentation on literature review

1. WELCOME TO THIS PRESENTATION SESSION 4/22/2014 1

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE By: Karna Bahadur Chongbang MPhil in Education 13th Batch At: Tribhuvan University Faculty of Education Office for MPhil Program Dillibazaar , ktm 4/22/2014 2

3. What is a Literature? Literature is a term which is used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, literature is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works. Literature means writings and a body of literature refers to all the published writings in a particular style on a particular subject. In research, a body of literature is a collection of published information and data relevant to a research question. Literature is an authentic intellectual product, property and legacy which contributes to the development of a certain body of knowledge that leads to the formation of a knowledge society. 4/22/2014 3

4. What is meant by a Literature Review? Some definitional perspectives. “A review of literature is a summary, analysis and interpretation of the theoretical, conceptual and research literature related to topic or theme.” (Anderson, 1998, p.76) “A literature review is a written summary of journals, books and other documents that describes the past and current state of information on the topic of research study. A good review might also contain other information drawn from conference papers, books and government documents.” (Creswell, 2012,p. 80) “A literature review is the presentation, classification and evaluation of what other researchers have written on particular subject. A literature review may form a part of a research thesis, or may stand alone as a separate document.” (Txt_lit_review.pdf) “A literature review is text written by someone to consider the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic.” ( Wikipedia.) 4/22/2014 4

5. Place of Literature Review in Research Theoretical, perspectival and disciplinary ground of a researcher An essential preliminary task of a researcher Continuous process during the research journey In quantitative research: an extensive review at the beginning, and a separate section titled “ Review of the Literature”. In qualitative research: less emphasis on literature review at beginning, no separate section, more emphasis at the end of the research to support and integrate the findings. 4/22/2014 5

6. Purposes of Reviewing Literature To convey the background of a specific field To provide with information to the researchers to complete their study To ensure the newness of the research To avoid unnecessary duplication To define and limit the problem To evaluate promising research methods To locate the agreement, disagreement and gaps in the previous works 4/22/2014 6

7. Approaches to Literature Review Different perspectives on nature of literature review: Positivist Model: - employs the processes of synthesizing, summarizing and drawing together across inter disciplinary issues - emphasizes on developing normative conceptual framework/ value free Post-positivist Model: -intends to explore literature and review strand, - records reflection strands Critical Theory Model: - analyzes the literature from a particular ideological position i.e. Feminist, Marxist etc. - sees the materials as value laden. 4/22/2014 7

8. Seven Steps Model of Literature Review Step 1: Identifying research question - A researchable research question emerges from literature review. Step 2: Reviewing discipline styles -Each discipline has own style for writing literature review . Step3: Searching the literature -Identify the key authors and their i.e. books, journals, research reports, web sites, theses etc. Step 4: Managing reference and avoiding plagiarism -A review must contain accurate and consistent style of references. -Citing reference accurately is a key way to avoid being accused of plagiarism. Step 5: Critically analyzing and evaluating the information Step 6: Synthesizing the findings -The findings or information are compared, contrasted, combined and synthesized into a coherent whole. Step 7: Write the review 4/22/2014 8

9. Guidelines for Writing Literature Review Review APA guidelines Cite all relevant references Indicate why some studies are more important Justify comments such as ‘no studies were found’ Cite separately for the inconsistent or varying results of the studies Distinguish between research findings and other sources of information Write the argument coherently According to Caully (1992), Compare and contrast different authors’ view Group authors who draw similar conclusion Criticize the aspects of methodology Note areas of disagreements Highlight gaps in researches Show how your study relates to previous studies Show how your study relates to the literature in general Conclude by summarizing what the literature says 4/22/2014 9

10. Literature review is not just a shopping list, nor a description only. Then , what may be? Comparing and contrasting different views Grouping the authors who have drawn similar conclusions Criticizing the aspects of methodology Identifying disagreements Highlighting gaps in research Showing relation among the studies 4/22/2014 10

11. Trends of Literature Review Theoretical Literature Review/Framework Empirical Literature Review Conceptual Framework Critical/Analytical Framework 4/22/2014 11

12. Theoretical Literature Review/Framework Theoretical literature is ideas-based literature. Theoretical frame work is a collection of related concepts that guides research, determines what things one will need to measure and/or what statistical relationship to look for. It is used in deductive, theory-testing studies. Theoretical reviews compare how different theories address an issue. Scholarly writing that helps researcher to build and sharpen the conceptual focus. The sources of theoretical literature review prepare the conceptual framework. 4/22/2014 12

13. Empirical Literature Review Literature which contains observed data or collected data is called empirical literature. Empirical literature is the literatures, or previous studies that relate or argue positively with studies, hypothesis and variables. It is systematic identification, location and analysis of documents containing information related to a research problem under investigation. The review encompasses research question, objectives, methodologies and findings the previous studies. 4/22/2014 13

14. Conceptual Framework Conceptual framework is a mental construct of a researcher based on literature review that guides researcher’s own activities. Emerges out from comprehensive theoretical literature review. Occurs when a researcher links concepts from literature to establish evidence to support the research question. Reveals the variables involved in the research problem 4/22/2014 14

15. Critical/Analytical Framework Logical organization of information obtained from literature. Critical literature review provides opportunity to establish researcher’s own expertise. Critical/analytical literature review compares and contrasts the theories or aspects of studies. It justifies the linkage of research with previous studies and further contribution to the knowledge advancement. Presents the interactive position of dependent and independent variables 4/22/2014 15

16. Conclusion Literature is the background of any new research activity. Literature review is a systematic process. Literature review is an interwoven process along with research work. Research question, objective, methodology and other aspects of a research are directed by the review of previous literature. Conceptual or analytical framework of research is derived from theoretical and empirical literature review. 4/22/2014 16

17. References Anonymous ( n. d.). Classic literature . Retrieved from Classclit.about.com/ o d / literary terms /g/aa_whatsliter.htm. on April 4,2014. Anonymous ( n. d.). Literature review . Retrieved from En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature _ review. on April 4,2014. Anonymous ( n. d.). The review of literature for research . Retrieved from www..uncp.edu/home/…/LitReview.html on April 7, 2014. Anonymous( n. d.). Seven steps to producing a literature review: introduction . Retrieved from www.Librarydevelopment.group.shef.ac.u. on April 6, 2014 Anderson, G.(1998). Fundamentals of educational research ( 2 nd edition).Suite; USA: Palmer Press; Taylor & Francis Group. Birnigham City University( n. d.). How to write literature review. Center for Academic Success ; Study Guide: Writing . Retrieved from Library.bcu.ac.uk/learner/ writingguides /1.04.htm on April 16, 2014. Creswell, John W.(2012). Educational research. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education Kumar, R.(2005). Research methodology. New Delhi: Pearson Education 4/22/2014 17

18. Post Presentation Session Comments, Suggestions, Feedback and Integration 4/22/2014 18

19. Thank You 4/22/2014 19