Presentation on Routes of drug administration

Routes of drug administration

1. PRESENTATION ON
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
& IT’S SIGNIFICANCE
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2. ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION?
The route of drug administration is the way
through which drug enter into our body. It is
depends on the properties and nature of the
drug.
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROUTES OF
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
i.Enteral Administration : Oral, Sublingual, Rectal.
ii.Intravenous Administration.
iii.Intramuscular Administration.
iv.Subcutaneous Administration.
v.Inhalation Administration.
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4. ORAL ADMINISTRATION
When a drug is given by mouth then it is
called oral administration. This is the most
frequent route of drug administration.

Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable
tablets.
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5. ORAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
TabletsCapsules
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6. i.Give fast-pass effect.
ii.May occur food-interaction.
iii.Can give local effect. i.e. GI
flora.
iv.Unconscious patient not able
to swallow.
v.Inactivated by stomach acid.
e.g. penicillin.

i.Easy to take and portable.
ii.Painless and comfortable.
iii.Relatively cheap and
compact.
iv.Various dosage form are
available.
v.Self medication is possible.
COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
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7. SUBLINGUAL ADMINISTRATION
The drug which is placed under the tongue and
allowed to dissolve slowly is called sublingual
administration. The sublingual mucosa offers a
rich supply of blood vessels through drugs can be
absorbed.

Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids

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8. SUBLINGUAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
B-12 N-glycerine
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9. i.If the drug is swallowed,
then all advantages of
drug are lost.
ii.Drug contain small dose
limit.
i.Absorbed quickly.
ii.Faster therapeutic effect.
iii.Avoid fast-pass effect.
iv.Drug stability is better.
v.Self medication is
possible.
COMPARISON

Advantages

Disadvantage
s
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10. RECTAL ADMINISTRATION
Rectal administration is reserved for certain
clinical situation, such as a vomiting patient
or medication not available in injectable form.
It's usually given in rectum.

Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine.
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11. RECTAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Glycerin suppositories
Panadol suppositories
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12. i.Little painful &
uncomfortable.
ii.Small range of drugs
available.
iii.Sometimes need expert
person to administrate
on children.
i.Suitable route for
anti-constipation drugs.
ii.Useful for children and
non-matured person.
iii.Do not undergo fast-pass
effect.
iv.Self medication is
possible.
COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
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13. INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
It is a process by which injection of drug is
given directly into the vein.

Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer
treatment.
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14. IV-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
IV-infusion process
Intravenous Injection
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15. i.Aseptic technique is must
required.
ii.Painful and costly.
iii.Short duration of action.
iv.Require supporting
equipment. such as
infusion set.
v.Self-medication is
difficult.
i.Therapeutic effect seen
immediately.
ii.More suitable for large
volume administration.
iii.Does not need to be
absorbed.
iv.Suitable for unconscious,
non-cooperative patient.
v.Avoid fast-pass effect.
COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
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16. INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION
It is the process by which drug is injected into the
area of a large muscle.

Example: Anesthetic Injection
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17. IM-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Intramuscular Injection
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18. i.Supporting equipment
is required.
ii.May be painful.
iii.Sometimes also costly.
iv.Non-soluble(in water)
drugs are not
acceptable. such as
Valium, Librium.
v.Self-medication is
difficult.
i.Provide rapid absorption.
ii.Lowest risk of damage
adjacent nerves and blood
vessels.
iii.Rapid onset of action.
iv.Slightly irritant drug can be
given.
v.Moderate volume of drug
may given.
vi.Avoid fast-pass effect.
COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
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19. SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION
Administration of fluid via subcutaneous route is
called subcutaneous administration. In this process,
injection of a liquid into the layer of tissue just
below the dermis but above the muscle layer.
Example: Insulin
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20. SUBCUTANEOUS-ADMINISTRATED
DRUGS
Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set
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21. i.Slower absorption of drug.
ii.possibility of inflammation
and irritation at infusion
site.
iii.Can be form leakage of
subcutaneous site.
iv.can be create allergic
reaction.
v.Limitation in volume of
drugs.
i.Minimize the risks
associated with the IM
injection.
ii.Easy to take by patient.
iii.Less expensive than IV
therapy.
iv.Relatively safe and cost
effective.
v.Avoid fast-pass effect.
COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
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22. INHALATION ADMINISTRATION
The inhalation administration is used for
drugs that can be dispersed in an aerosol or
that vaporize easily.

Example : Nitrous oxide for general
anesthesia.
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23. INHALATION-ADMINISTRATED
DRUGS
Inhalation Device
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24. i.Only used for gaseous
form drugs those can
be dispersed in an
aerosol.
ii.Special equipment is
required.
i.Provide rapid drug
delivery across
alveolar membrane.
ii.Produce rapid action.
iii.Avoid toxicity and
first-pass effect.
iv.Absorption of gas are
efficient.

COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
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25. WE SHOULD CONCERN........
Drugs show their
pharmacological action
when absorbed by the
systemic circulation and
distribution into the
interstitial and
intracellular fluid. For
absorption to take place
the drug must be
administered in the
appropriate manner.
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26. THE END
Thank You All
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