Presentation on smallpox

smallpox

1. SMALL POX Presented By: Mr. Saurabh Raosaheb Chitte 2 nd year Basic Bsc Nursing Bhonsala Institute of Nursing Nashik.

2. Contents Introduction Anatomy & Physiology Defination Incidence Types Etiological Factors Risk Factors Clinical manifestation Pathophysiology Transmission of Disease Diagnosis Management Preventive Measures Vaccines

3. Introduction A highly contagious & frequently fatal viral disease. The disease is also known by the Latin name “ Variola” & “Variola vera”, which is derivative of the Latin “varius”, meaning “spotted”, or “varus”, meaning “pimple”. The term “ Smallpox ” was first used in Europe in 15 th century to distinguish ”Variola” from the “ great pox ” (syphilis). Small Pox was responsible for estimated 300 -500 million deaths in 20 th century. Belived to have begun in Africa & spred to India & China.

4. Anatomy & Physiology

5. Skin has three layers: Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin provides a waterproof barrier &creates our skin tone. Dermis: Beneath the epidermis, contains though connective tissue, hair follicles & sweat glands. Hypodermis: The deeper subcutaneous tissue is made up of fat & connective tissue.

6. Defination It is serious infectious disease that causes a high temperature & leaves marks on the skin.

7. Incidence The term “Smallpox” was first used in Europe. Various vaccination campaigns are arranged in 16 th to 18 th centuries. After that in 19 th & 20 th centuries , “ WHO” certified the eradication of Smallpox in 1979. The last naturally occurring case of Smallpox was diagnosed on 26 th October 1977. Smallpox is one of the most infectious diseases to have eradicated, the other being rinderpest, which was declared eradicated in 2011.

8. Types of Smallpox : Type of Smallpox Characteristics Case fatality rate Ordinary Most common form - 90 % of cases in unvaccinated. 30 % Modified Milder form Producee fever, smaller & more superficial lesions. 2 % of cases is unvaccinated & 25 % are vaccinated person. Cases of modified Smallpox were rarely fatal. Malignant Lesions were flatter, evolved more slowly & coalesced. 7 % of cases in unvaccinated persons. 97%

9. Etiological Factors Contaminated clothings. Contaminated beddings.

10. Risk Factor “Variola” virus.

11. Clinical Manifestations High fever. Headache. Body pain. Vomiting (sometimes). A rashe follows that pusfilled blisters that crust, scab & fall off after about three weeks leaving a pitted scar.

12. Pathophysiology

13. Transmission of Smallpox Face - to - face contact. Direct contact with infected fluids & contaminated objects. Through air. The virus can cross the placenta but incidence of congenital Smallpox is relatively low. Smallpox transmission does not occur through animals or insects.

14. Diagnosis Physical Examination: This include a skin & mouth examination to look for small rash. If there is a moderate or high suspicion of Smallpox, the doctor may order certain lab tests. Tests may only be conducted in specially protected laboratories, known as “Biosafety Level 4” lab. PCR ELISA Immunohistochemistry electron microscopy. The origin of virus may be traced by genome analysis of virus.

15. Management Medical management: Antivirals : Tecovirimat Cidofovir Brincidofovir Nursing Management: Treatment approaches include supportive measures, antiviral therapy, administration of VZIG ( Varicella Zooster Immune Globulin) & management of secondary bacterial infection.

16. Preventive Measures The Smallpox vaccine is the only known way to prevent Smallpox in an exposed person. The Smallpox vaccine helps the body develops immunity to Smallpox. Isolation of patients if they develop fever.

17. Vaccines Trace amount of antibiotics: Polymyxin Streptomycin Chlortetracycline Neomycin