Presentation.pdf of sir bhavsinhji polytechnic

It is a ppt on advance construction equipment

1. Sir bhavsihjipolytechnic institute
Department: civilengineering
Subjectname: advance Construction technology (4350605)
Topicname: Equipments Used for Production of Aggregate
Guidedby: P.B. SHAH SIR
Nameofstudents:
Dabhikuldipr. ( 236490306052 )
BambhaniyaNamanj. ( 236490306008 )
ChavdaVivek( 236490306045 )

2. •Equipments Used for Production of Aggregate :
Introduction:
•Aggregates are the main ingredient in construction materials like
concrete, mortar, and road works.
•They are produced by crushing, screening, and processing of
rocks and stones.
•Properly graded aggregates improve strength, durability, and
workability of construction materials.
•For large-scale production, specialized equipment and machinery
are used to achieve uniform size and quality.
•Common equipment includes crushers, screens, conveyors, and
washing plants.

3. Equipments Used for Production of Aggregate:
(1) Crushers:
a.Jaw Crusher
b.Gyratory Crusher
c.Roll Crusher
d.Cone Crusher
e.Impact Crusher
(2) Ball mill & Rod mill :
(3)Screens:
a.Revolving Screens
B.Shaking Screens
C.Vibrating Screens
(4) Log Washer:

4. (1)Crushers:
•They are used for breaking big stones into small sizes. According to crushing
stages, crushers are classified as:
•Primary ,Secondary ,Tertiary
•Stones obtained from quarry are first reduced in size by the Primary Crusher.
•Medium-sized stones from the Primary Crusher are further reduced in the
Secondary Crusher.
•Small-sized stones from the Secondary Crusher are further crushed to required
fine size in the Tertiary Crusher.
•Thus, crushers are used step by step to produce aggregates of required size.
Types of Crushers:
(i)Jaw Crusher
(ii) Gyratory Crusher
(iii) Cone Crusher
(iv) Roll Crusher
(v) Impact Crusher
(vi) Ball Mill
(vii) Rod Mill

5. Jaw Crusher:
•It consists of two jaws, one fixed and the other moving.
•It is mainly suitable for primary crushing.
•It is widely used for hard stones, rocks, and coarse aggregates.
•Common jaw size: 1.68 m ×2.14 m.
•It has a very high crushing capacity.
•It can crush even very large boulders into small sizes.
•Power consumption is minimum.

6. Gyratory Crusher:
•A gyratory crusher is a type of primary crusher used in aggregate production and mining.
•It works on the principle of crushing by compression.
•It is suitable for large-scale operations because of its high capacity.
•For crushing, a cone-shaped head is fixed.
•The head inside the bowl crushes the material.
•Stones are broken due to the impact of the head.
•The head is continuously in motion.
•Because of the rotation of the head, the stones are crushed.
Working Principle :
•Stones are fed into the top of the crusher.
•The gyratory motion of the head compresses the material between
the mantle and concave.
•The material breaks due to compressive force and impact.
•Crushed material discharges at the bottom continuously.

7. Roll Crusher :
•A Roll Crusher is a type of secondary crusher used for medium and fine crushing of rocks.
•It consists of two cylindrical rolls that rotate in opposite directions.
•Material is fed between the rolls and is crushed by compression and shear force.
•In this crusher, stones are pressed and crushed between two rollers.
•The rollers are fixed on shafts rotating in opposite directions.
•Power is transmitted to the rollers through a V-belt.
•The gap between the rollers can be adjusted to get the desired
•size of crushed material.
•Stones are continuously broken and discharged at the bottom.

8. Cone Crusher :
•A Cone Crusher is a type of secondary and tertiary crusher.
•It works on the principle of compression crushing.
•It is mainly used for producing uniform, fine, and
well-shaped aggregates.
•Used for medium and fine crushing of stones.
•Gives uniform size of crushed stones.
•The conical head inside the machine is mounted on
the upper side of the shaft and rotates slowly.
•Stones fed into the bowl are crushed between the
bowl liner and the conical head.
•Due to the shaft’s gyratory movement, stones are
continuously broken into smaller sizes.

9. Points to be considered while selecting a crusher machine:
1. Type and Nature of Material:
Hardness (soft, medium, or hard rock)
Abrasiveness
Moisture content
2. Required Size of Output Aggregate:
Coarse, medium, or fine crushing
Desired particle shape
3. Capacity of Crusher:
Tons per hour required
Suitability for small, medium, or large projects
4.Stage of Crushing:
Primary, secondary, or tertiary crusher requirement
5. Power Requirement:
Energy consumption efficiency

10. 6. Maintenance & Operating Cost:
Availability of spare parts
Ease of maintenance
7. Mobility & Space Requirement:
Fixed (stationary) or mobile crusher
Foundation and installation needs
8. Cost of Machine & Plant Setup:
Initial investment
Overall plant cost vs. project budget

11. •Flow diagram of aggregate manufacturing plant :

12. (2) Ball mill & Rod mill :
•Ball Mill :
•Introduction:
•A Ball Mill is a cylindrical rotating drum used for fine grinding of aggregates and minerals.
•It reduces larger aggregates into powder or very fine particles by impact and attrition.
Construction:
1.Cylindrical Shell –Horizontally mounted, made of steel.
2.Liner –Inner surface lined with steel or rubber plates to
reduce wear.
3. Grinding Media –Filled with steel balls of varying sizes.
4. Feed Inlet –For feeding stone pieces or clinker.
5. Discharge End –Crushed fine aggregates come out here.
6. Driving Mechanism –Motor with gears rotates the shell.
Working Principle:
•As the shell rotates, steel balls lift and fall on the aggregate.
•Material is crushed due to impact (falling balls) and attrition
(friction between balls and aggregates).
•Produces very fine, uniform material (even powder).

13. •Rod Mill:
Introduction :
•A Rod Mill is similar to a Ball Mill but uses long steel rods as grinding media.
•Produces coarser aggregates compared to Ball Mill.
Construction:
1.Cylindrical Shell –Horizontal drum with metallic lining.
2.Grinding Media –Steel rods slightly shorter than shell length.
3.Feed Inlet –For stone pieces.
4.Discharge End –Produces fine aggregate
of sand size.
5. Driving Mechanism –Motor and gears
rotate the shell.
Working Principle:
•As the shell rotates, rods tumble inside.
•Crushing occurs by line contact between rods and aggregates (not point contact like balls).
•Material is gradually broken down to sand-sized aggregates.
•Can be operated in dry or wet condition.

14. (3) Screens:
•Introduction:
•After crushing, aggregates are of different sizes.
•Screens are used to separate, classify, and grade aggregates into required sizes.
•They work on the principle of sieving or screening using perforated plates, meshes, or
vibrating surfaces.
•Types of Screens:
1. Revolving Screen:
•A cylindrical drum made of wire mesh or perforated steel plate.
•Drum is inclined and rotates slowly.
•Aggregates fed at one end → smaller particles pass through holes → larger particles move to
the other end.
•Use: Simple, low-cost, suitable for coarse separation.

15. 2. Shaking Screen:
•A flat or slightly inclined surface with a wire mesh.
•Screen is moved with shaking/vibrating motion.
•Aggregates are fed on top → smaller particles fall through → larger particles move off the
screen.
•Use: For medium-scale aggregate plants.

16. 3. Vibrating Screen:
•Most modern and widely used.
•Consists of a rectangular mesh surface mounted on springs.
•Powered by motor → screen vibrates rapidly.
•Ensures continuous movement of material → efficient separation.
•Use: For large-scale aggregate production (road, dam, and concrete works).

17. (4) Log washer:
•Introduction:
•A log washer is a washing equipment used to remove clay, silt, and other impurities from
coarse aggregates.
•It is mainly used when aggregates are covered with sticky clay or soft particles which cannot
be removed by ordinary washing.
•Construction:
•Consists of a long, inclined tank/trough.
•Inside the tank, two counter-rotating shafts (logs) are provided.
•Each shaft has blades or paddles fixed spirally along its length.
•Water is continuously supplied at the lower end.
•Working Principle:
1. Aggregates are fed into the tank.
2. As the logs rotate, the paddles agitate, scrub, and rub the aggregates against each other.
3. This action breaks down clay lumps and removes coatings from aggregate surfaces.

18. 4. Clean aggregates move upward and discharge at the top end.
5. The dirty water with clay and silt flows out from the lower end.