Presentation sdg.pptx on the New Educational Policy 2020

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1. Representation and Performance of Women in the Realm of Public Policy in India Since 2014 Presented By Asiya Khan For the Admission of Ph. D Maulana Azad National Urdu University Hyderabad, Telangana (500032)

2. Introduction: Policy is an important element of the political process. The balanced participation of men and women in the decision-making process is an essential requirement of democracy. Support for women’s participation can be measured by looking at their representation at the executive level as well as the tradition of women’s participation in the public sphere. Indian constitution guarantees many of the rights of women, such as those outlined in Articles 14, 15(1), 15(3), 16, 39(a), 39(d),39(A), 42, 46, 47, 51(A) and so on, and on Nov 1, 1961, India ratified article 3 of the Convention on the Political Rights of Women (UN, 1953) which states “Women shall be entitled to hold public office and to exercise all public functions, established by national law, on equal terms with men, without any discrimination. Women’s equal participation and leadership in political and public life are essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. India is also a signatory to The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPFA) for advancing women’s rights and gender equality, one of the 12 critical concerns being women in power and decision-making. Despite all initiatives, women in India are still unrepresented in all areas of politics.

3. Statement of the Problem: The political empowerment of women is part of the overall empowerment process. The political participation of women in the electoral process signifies not just equality and freedom, but also power and choice to make decisions. After the establishment of reservations at the local level, the political participation of women went from 4.5 percent to 44.4 percent, far higher than the global average of 34.3 percent (UN Women data), providing women an opportunity to serve as leaders. However, at the national level, the political representation of women is very low. The representation of women in the Parliament is 14 percent (Lok Sabha – 14.94 percent and Rajya Sabha- 14.05 percent) and a mere 9 percent in the Legislative assemblies according to the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs and ECI respectively. The representation of women is inadequate and disproportionate to their number in the population (48.8 percent, census 2011). Historically, women have played a significant role in the growth and development of India. Yet, only a few women could access higher positions of power and authority. There was only one- woman Prime Minister, two women Presidents, and 15 women Chief Ministers till now, and Mamta Banerjee is the only incumbent Chief Minister.

4. Women’s representation in the Parliament peaked at 15 percent in the 17th Lok Sabha, the highest percentage in India’s independent history. 78 out of 545 members in the Lok Sabha and 24 out of 224 members in the Rajya Sabha constitute women. Moreover, the 17th Lok Sabha passed the Women Reservation Bill, 2023, thirty years after reservation was implemented locally. Gender equality in every walk of life has now become an integral part of the political mobilization of Indian women. The contributions of women parliamentarians in parliamentary procedures are in no way less significant than that of their male counterparts in the Indian Parliament. Women parliamentarians have pioneered various items of social legislation which have an important bearing on the structural aspects of Indian society. They were successful enough in safeguarding the rights of Indian women and in promoting their welfare. Though their preferences are for women’s upliftment and child welfare, they have shown keen interest in matters of politics, society, economy, foreign policy, and administration.

5. Objectives: To assess the performance of women representatives in debates, deliberation, and questioning on the floor of the house. To analyse the socio-economic background of women parliamentarians. To evaluate the role of women representatives/decision-makers in addressing issues of local, national, and international importance. To analyse the major barriers to women’s political participation in India.  

6. Methodology: This study employs a mixed-methods research design to examine the representation and performance of women in public policy in India since 2014. Quantitative data will be collected from government reports, parliamentary records, and public policy documents to analyse metrics such as the number of women elected, their participation in debates, and policy impacts. Qualitative data will be gathered through semi-structured interviews with female politicians, case studies of significant policies, and content analysis of media coverage and parliamentary debates. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to analyse quantitative data, while thematic and narrative analyses will be applied to qualitative data.

7. Characterisation : Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Political Participation: A Theoretical Perspective Chapter 3: Historical Realities and Constitutional Provisions Chapter 4: Socio-Economic and Political Dimensions of Women Representation Chapter 5: Political Engagement and Performance of Women Chapter 6: Challenges and Constraints of Women's Participation Chapter 7: Conclusion

8. Thanks